钢渣对不同轮作制度酸性土壤改良效果及其安全性评价

发布时间：2018-04-20 07:48

本文选题：钢渣 + 轮作制度　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,土壤酸化引起的问题越来越受到人们的重视,针对改良酸性土壤的改良剂产品也层出不穷。本研究选择炼钢企业产生的钢渣作为酸性土壤改良剂,研究不同轮作制度下钢渣用量对酸性棕壤的改良效果,以及连续施用钢渣对土壤和食品安全性影响。主要结论如下:1.施用钢渣对连续2年小麦-水稻轮作的改良效果与对照相比,钢渣施用可以显著增加小麦产量,但连续施用对水稻没有增产效果。与当季对照相比,施用钢渣后,第一季小麦增产215.81%~504.65%,第三季小麦增产22.69%~37.78%,第四季水稻产量下降4.96%~19.28%。钢渣施用能提高成熟期小麦地上部生物量,第一季施用钢渣处理的小麦地上部生物量比对照增加238.41%~325.00%,但钢渣施用量为2g/kg时生物量最高;第三季施用钢渣的小麦地上部生物量比对照增加17.76%~40.24%。钢渣施用降低了水稻成熟期地上部生物量,第二季施用钢渣的水稻地上部生物量比对照下降2.29%~22.24%;第四季施用钢渣的水稻地上部生物量比对照下降5.22%~24.22%。施用钢渣后,水稻分蘖数比对照少。钢渣施用显著提升了小麦水稻轮作土壤p H。与当季对照相比,第一季种植小麦后土壤p H上升0.17~1.00,第二季种植水稻后土壤p H上升0.36~2.21,第三季种植小麦后土壤p H上升0.56~2.68,第四季种植水稻后土壤p H上升0.80~2.41。从第三季开始,连续施用钢渣处理的土壤有机质含量相对对照逐渐下降。钢渣施用降低了小麦土壤碱解氮,施用对水稻土壤碱解氮含量影响不大。与当季对照相比,钢渣施用量为3g/kg时,四次轮作的土壤速效磷含量显著增加。施用钢渣降低了土壤速效钾含量。钢渣施用增加了土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硅的含量,且钢渣用量越多,其含量越高。2.施用钢渣对油菜-玉米-油菜轮作的改良效果钢渣施用可以显著增加油菜产量和成熟期地上部生物量。与当季对照相比,第一季油菜增产10.34%~357.47%,第三季油菜增产55.62%~90.73%。钢渣施用能提升成熟期油菜和玉米地上部生物量,与当季对照相比,第一季油菜地上部生物量增加54.83%~171.80%,第二季玉米地上部生物量增加16.14%~22.43%,第三季油菜地上部生物量增加18.54%~42.34%。钢渣施用显著提升了油菜玉米轮作土壤p H值。与当季对照相比,第一季种植油菜后土壤p H上升0.10~1.12,第二季种植玉米后土壤p H上升0.17~2.02,第三季种植油菜后土壤p H上升0.31~2.68。施用钢渣对油菜-玉米-油菜轮作土壤有机质影响不大。钢渣施用降低了土壤碱解氮含量,钢渣施用量超过1g/kg时,三次轮作土壤碱解氮含量均显著低于对照。与对照相比,钢渣施用为3g/kg显著增加三次轮作土壤速效磷。钢渣施用降低了土壤速效钾含量。钢渣施用增加了土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硅的含量。3.连续施用钢渣对土壤和食品安全性的影响钢渣多次施用后,土壤全铬、全镉、全砷含量均在土壤环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995)许可范围内,施用钢渣后土壤全铬、全镉、全砷含量也没有显著增加。籽粒中铬含量均低于0.7mg/kg,籽粒中没有检测到镉和砷。钢渣施用后,两季水稻茎叶中Fe、Mn的含量比对照低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the problems caused by soil acidification, and the improver products for ameliorating acid soil are emerging in endlessly. This study selects steel slag produced by steelmaking enterprises as an acid soil improver, and studies the improvement effect of steel slag dosage on acid brown soil under different rotation systems, and the continuous application of steel slag to soil The main conclusions were as follows: 1. the improvement effect of steel slag on wheat rice rotation for 2 years was compared with the control, the application of steel slag could significantly increase the yield of wheat, but continuous application did not increase the yield of rice. Compared with the control, the first season wheat increased the yield of 215.81%~504.65%, third season wheat after the use of steel slag. The increase of production of 22.69%~37.78%, the decrease of rice yield in the fourth quarter and the application of 4.96%~19.28%. steel slag can increase the biomass of the upper ground in the mature period. The biomass of the upper part of the wheat ground with steel slag treatment increased by 238.41%~325.00% in the first season, but the biomass of the steel slag was the highest when the application amount of steel slag was 2g/kg; the biomass ratio of the above ground wheat with the steel slag in the third season was compared. The application of increasing 17.76%~40.24%. steel slag reduced the biomass of the shoot in the mature period of rice, and the biomass of the upper part of the rice ground was decreased by 2.29%~22.24% in the second season with steel slag, and the biomass of the upper part of the rice field was lower than the control by the use of steel slag in the fourth quarter, and the number of tillers was less than that of the control. The application of steel slag was significantly improved. The soil P H. of wheat rice rotation soil was compared with that in the season. The soil P H increased 0.17~1.00 after the first cropping of wheat in the first season, the P H increased 0.36~2.21 in the second season, and the P H of the soil increased 0.56~2.68 after the third season of the wheat, and the soil P increased from the third season and continuously applied the soil treated with steel slag. The content of soil organic matter decreased gradually. The application of steel slag decreased the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen of wheat soil, and the application had little effect on the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in rice soil. Compared with the control of 3g/kg, the content of soil available phosphorus in the four rotation was significantly increased. The application of steel slag decreased the content of available potassium in soil. The application of steel slag increased Soil exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and effective silicon content, and the more steel slag content, the higher the content of.2. application steel slag on rape corn rape rotation improvement effect steel slag application can significantly increase the yield of rape and the mature stage of biomass. Compared with the control, the first season rapeseed yield increased 10.34%~357.47%, third season rapeseed increased. The application of 55.62%~90.73%. steel slag can increase the biomass of the upper part of the rape and corn in the mature period. Compared with the control in the first season, the biomass of the upper part of the first quarter of the rape increased by 54.83%~171.80%, and the biomass of the upper part of the second quarter was increased by 16.14%~22.43%. The increase of the aboveground biomass of the rapeseed in the third quarter and the application of the 18.54%~42.34%. steel slag significantly enhanced the rape jade. Soil P H value of rice rotation soil. Compared with the control in the first season, the soil P H increased 0.10~1.12 after the first cropping of rape, the soil P H increased 0.17~2.02 in the second season, and the P H increased in the third season and 0.31~2.68. application of steel slag had little influence on the soil organic matter in the rape corn rape rotation. When the amount of steel slag was more than 1g/kg, the content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the three rotation soil was significantly lower than that of the control. Compared with the control, the application of steel slag to 3g/kg increased the soil available phosphorus significantly. The application of steel slag reduced the content of available potassium in soil. The application of steel slag application increased the exchangeable calcium in soil, the content of exchangeable magnesium and the content of effective silicon in.3. continuous application of steel. The effect of slag on the safety of soil and food has been applied for many times. The total chromium, all cadmium and total arsenic content in the soil environmental quality two standard (GB15618-1995) are under the permission of the soil environmental quality standard (GB15618-1995). After applying steel slag, the total chromium, total cadmium and total arsenic content have not increased significantly. The content of chromium in grain is lower than that of 0.7mg/kg, and no cadmium and arsenic in grain are detected. After the application of steel slag, the contents of Fe and Mn in rice leaves and stems were lower than those in the two seasons.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156

【参考文献】