植烟土壤中微生物特性及氨化、亚硝化菌分离鉴定与活性研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 18:10

本文选题：植烟土壤 + 微生物菌剂　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年10期

【摘要】：针对烤烟生产中施用有机肥后植烟土壤有机态氮素分解速率不易调控的问题,并为配制有机氮分解微生物菌剂提供优良菌株,本研究以化肥、牛粪、玉米秸秆、油枯处理下的烤烟根区土壤为材料,分离筛选出高活性氨化、亚硝化土著菌,并分别测定其对有机氮降解及氨氮分解的效果。结果表明:在烤烟生长旺长期,施用有机肥处理的土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化菌数量均高于单施化肥处理;在烤烟成熟期,施用有机肥处理,烤烟根区土壤氨化菌、亚硝化菌、真菌、放线菌数量均高于单施化肥。通过各类菌株的土样来源分析,氨化作用强度较高的优势菌株均来源于有机肥处理的土样,植烟土壤施用有机肥较单施化肥能够获得较高活性的氨化细菌。各类菌活性研究显示,短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)、巨大芽孢菌(B.megaterium)培养液有机氮含量降幅最大,较初始有机氮含量分别降低84.74%、92.74%、79.52%;寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.)兼具有亚硝化作用及硝化作用,培养7 d后,培养液中硝态氮含量增加了0.617 mg·L~(-1);嗜麦芽寡单胞菌(S.maltophilia)亚硝化作用最强,培养7 d后,培养液中亚硝态氮含量为0.518 mg·L~(-1)。氨化菌培养48 h后有机氮分解速率降低,具有亚硝化及硝化作用的菌株培养到第7 d活性仍处于较高水平。因此,试验分离出的不同功能细菌在配制解氮复合微生物菌剂时需在不同时间加入菌株进行发酵,以获得高活性微生物菌剂。根据分解有机氮、解氨试验及相关文献中各菌株作用功能分析,筛选出纳西杆菌(Naxibacter sp.)、寡养单胞菌、短小芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、同温层芽孢杆菌(B.stratosphericus)、纤维菌(Cellulosimicrobium cellulans)、高地芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis)和巨大芽孢菌8株高效氮素功能菌株用于有机氮分解微生物菌剂的配制。
[Abstract]:It is difficult to control the decomposition rate of organic nitrogen in tobacco soil after applying organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production, and to provide a good strain for the preparation of organic nitrogen decomposing microbial bacteria. In this study, fertilizer, cow dung and corn straw were used in this study. The soil of flue-cured tobacco root area treated with oil withered was used as the material to isolate and screen the highly active ammoniation and nitrification native bacteria, and their effects on the degradation of organic nitrogen and the decomposition of ammonia nitrogen were determined respectively. The results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and ammoniated bacteria in the soil treated with organic fertilizer was higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer alone during the growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and in the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, the soil ammoniated bacteria in the root region of flue-cured tobacco could be treated with organic fertilizer. The number of nitrite bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were higher than that of chemical fertilizer alone. Based on the analysis of soil samples of various strains, the dominant strains with higher ammoniation intensity were obtained from soil samples treated with organic fertilizer. The higher activity of ammoniated bacteria could be obtained by applying organic fertilizer to tobacco planting soil than by applying chemical fertilizer alone. Studies on the activity of Bacillus pumilusus, Geobacillus stearmophilus and B. megaterium. showed that the organic nitrogen content in the culture solution of Bacillus pumilusus, Bacillus thermophilus and B. megateriumwas the largest, which was 84.74% 92.74% lower than the original organic nitrogen content, respectively; and 84.74% 79.52% lower than that of the original Bacillus pumilus.Stenoomonas sp.) After 7 days of culture, the content of nitrate in the culture medium increased by 0.617 mg / L, and the nitrification of S.maltophilia was the strongest. After 7 days of culture, the content of nitrite in the medium was 0.518 mg / L ~ (-1). The decomposition rate of organic nitrogen decreased after 48 h culture of ammoniated bacteria, and the activity of the strains with nitrification and nitrification was still at a high level at the 7th day. Therefore, the bacteria with different functions should be fermented in different time to obtain the highly active microbial agents. According to the analysis of the action and function of various strains in decomposition of organic nitrogen, ammonia hydrolysis test and related literature, Naxibacter sp. sp., oligotrophomonas, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thermophilus and Bacillus adipose were selected. B. stratosphericusus, Cellulosimicrobium cellulanss, B.altitudinis (Bacillus highland) and 8 strains with high nitrogen function were used in the preparation of organic nitrogen decomposing microbial agents.
【作者单位】：湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院;湖南农业大学烟草研究院;贵州大学烟草学院;江苏中烟工业有限责任公司原料供应部;
【基金】：贵州省毕节烟区烟叶产质平衡关键技术优化(201652050024149) 中国烟草云南省公司科技计划项目(2015YN22)资助~~
【分类号】：S154.3;S572

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