生物腐植酸配施化肥对土壤性质及养分淋失的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 21:00

本文选题：生物腐植酸 + 化学肥料　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着农业面源污染问题的日益突出,农田污染防治越来越受重视,而农业的高产使得养分投入日益增加,生物腐植酸的利用就是平衡作物增产与控养分流(淋)失的重要途径之一。面对化学肥料的施用对环境所造成的污染和农田养分流失的问题,研究生物腐植酸配施化学肥料对土壤性质及养分流失的影响十分必要,因此本文通过盆栽和室内土柱淋溶实验,研究了生物腐植酸肥在作物生长过程中对土壤性质及养分淋失的影响。形成了以下主要研究结果:(1)生物腐殖酸提高了土壤中全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,同等条件下施肥量大的土壤中养分含量更高。在相同施肥条件下,优化施肥和优化施肥+生物腐植酸中各养分含量分别为:优化施肥中全氮为1.316-1.394g/kg、有机质为24.15-32.52g/kg、碱解氮为65.33-98.00mg/kg、速效磷为23.13-75.35mg/kg、速效钾为264.62-328.60mg/kg;优化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.332-1.428g/kg、有机质为27.55-33.90g/kg、碱解氮为66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷为23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效钾为267.62-350.03mg/kg。在相同生物腐植酸用量的条件下,优化施肥+生物腐植酸、优化施肥减20%+生物腐植酸、优化施肥减30%+生物腐植酸和优化施肥减40%+生物腐植酸中各养分含量分别为:优化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.332-1.428g/kg、有机质为27.55-33.90g/kg、碱解氮为66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷为23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效钾为267.62-350.03mg/kg;优化施肥减20%+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.343-1.396g/kg、有机质为28.20-33.07g/kg、碱解氮为68.83-108.50mg/kg、速效磷为22.35-81.50mg/kg、速效钾为270.29-346.78mg/kg;优化施肥减30%+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.290-1.355g/kg、有机质为25.25-29.90g/kg、碱解氮为53.67-99.75mg/kg、速效磷为22.74-74.88mg/kg、速效钾为263.62-324.71mg/kg;优化施肥减40%+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.278-1.364g/kg、有机质为24.28-31.55g/kg、碱解氮为57.17-112.00mg/kg、速效磷为21.79-77.78mg/kg、速效钾为275.62-324.71mg/kg。(2)生物腐殖酸施用减少了土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮、总氮和可溶性磷的淋失。在相同施肥条件下,传统施肥和传统施肥+生物腐植酸中各养分淋失含量范围为:传统施肥中硝态氮为3.441-12.919mg/L、铵态氮为0.417-2.587mg/L、总氮为3.963-25.358mg/L、可溶性磷为0.060-0.140mg/L;传统施肥+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为3.142-12.414mg/L、铵态氮为0.347-2.225mg/L、总氮为3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷为0.044-0.141mg/L。在相同用量生物腐植酸条件下,传统施肥+生物腐植酸、传统施肥减20%+生物腐植酸和优化施肥减30%+生物腐植酸中各养分淋失含量分别为:传统施肥+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为3.142-12.414mg/L、铵态氮为0.347-2.225mg/L、总氮为3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷为0.044-0.141mg/L、传统施肥减20%+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为3.019-12.210mg/L、铵态氮为0.337-2.032mg/L、总氮为3.378-24.972mg/L、可溶性磷为0.039-0.129mg/L;优化施肥减30%+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为2.833-12.191mg/L、铵态氮为0.326-1.931mg/L、总氮为3.201-24.643mg/L、可溶性磷为0.036-0.125mg/L。(3)生物腐植酸施用能促进作物的生长,可以减少生产中化肥的用量。在盆栽实验中,油菜产量在处理优化施肥+生物腐植酸肥料和优化施肥减20%+生物腐植酸肥料表现出较为接近的生长趋势,且土壤中各养分的含量较为接近,施用过多的化肥对土壤性质和环境有不利的影响,其中优化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.332-1.428g/kg、有机质为27.55-33.90g/kg、碱解氮为66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷为23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效钾为267.62-350.03mg/kg;优化施肥减20%+生物腐植酸中全氮为1.343-1.396g/kg、有机质为28.20-33.07g/kg、碱解氮为68.83-108.50mg/kg、速效磷为22.35-81.50mg/kg、速效钾为270.29-346.78mg/kg。在室内土柱淋溶实验中,传统施肥+生物腐植酸肥料比传统施肥减20%+生物腐植酸肥料中的淋溶液中养分含量要大,其中传统施肥+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为3.142-12.414mg/L、铵态氮为0.347-2.225mg/L、总氮为3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷为0.044-0.141mg/L、传统施肥减20%+生物腐植酸中硝态氮为3.019-12.210mg/L、铵态氮为0.337-2.032mg/L、总氮为3.378-24.972mg/L、可溶性磷为0.039-0.129mg/L;在养分大量淋失的情况下可以减少化学肥料的投入,有利于防止环境的污染和经济的损失,由上可知化学肥料的减少量控制在20%不会造成土壤中养分的供给不足和经济作物的减产。
[Abstract]:As the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming more and more prominent, the prevention and control of farmland pollution is becoming more and more important, and the high yield of agriculture makes the nutrient input increasing. The utilization of biological humic acid is one of the important ways to balance the crop yield increasing and the loss of control and diversion. It is necessary to study the effects of biological humic acid and chemical fertilizer on soil properties and nutrient loss. In this paper, the effects of biological humic acid fertilizer on soil properties and nutrient leaching in the process of crop growth were studied by pot and indoor soil column leaching experiments. The following main research results were formed: (1) biological humic acid The total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil were increased. Under the same conditions, the nutrient content of the soil was higher. Under the same conditions, the optimum fertilization and optimum fertilization and biological humic acid content were as follows: the total nitrogen in the optimized fertilizer was 1.316-1.394g/kg, the organic matter was 24.15-32.52g/kg, and the alkaline solution was hydrolyzed. The nitrogen is 65.33-98.00mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.13-75.35mg/kg, the available potassium is 264.62-328.60mg/kg, the optimized fertilizer + biological humic acid is 1.332-1.428g/kg, the organic matter is 27.55-33.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.29-81.19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg. under the same dosage of the same biological humic acid. Optimizing fertilization + biological humic acid, optimizing fertilization and reducing 20%+ biological humic acid, optimizing fertilization and reducing 30%+ biological humic acid and optimizing fertilization of 40%+ bio humic acid, the content of all nutrients in biological humic acid are as follows: optimized fertilization + biological humic acid, total nitrogen is 1.332-1.428g/kg, organic matter is 27.55-33.90g/ kg, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, and available phosphorus is 23.29-81. 19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg, and the total nitrogen in the biological humic acid is 1.343-1.396g/kg, the organic matter is 28.20-33.07g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 68.83-108.50mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.35-81.50mg/kg, the available potassium is 270.29-346.78mg/kg, and the total nitrogen in the humic acid is 1.290-1.355g/kg, and the organic matter is 25.25-. 29.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 53.67-99.75mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.74-74.88mg/kg, the available potassium is 263.62-324.71mg/kg, and the optimized fertilization is 1.278-1.364g/kg, the organic matter is 24.28-31.55g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 57.17-112.00mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 21.79-77.78mg/kg, and the available potassium is 275.62-324.71mg/kg. (2) biological humic acid. The leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in soil was reduced. Under the same fertilization conditions, the leaching loss of nutrients in traditional fertilization and traditional fertilization + biological humic acid was 3.441-12.919mg/L, ammonium nitrogen was 0.417-2.587mg/L, total nitrogen was 3.963-25.358mg/L, soluble phosphorus was 0.060-0.1 40mg/L, traditional fertilization and biological humic acid are 3.142-12.414mg/L, ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L. under the same amount of biological humic acid, traditional fertilization + biological humic acid, traditional fertilization to reduce 20%+ biohumic acid and optimize the fertilization of 30%+ biological humic acid. The contents of nutrient leaching are as follows: the nitrate nitrogen in the traditional fertilization and the biological humic acid is 3.142-12.414mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L. The nitrate nitrogen in the biological humic acid is 3.019-12.210mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.337-2.032mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L, and the soluble nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L. The sex phosphorus is 0.039-0.129mg/L, and the optimum fertilization is that the nitrate nitrogen is 2.833-12.191mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.326-1.931mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.201-24.643mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.036-0.125mg/L. (3) biological humic acid can promote the growth of the crop, and can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer in the production. In the pot experiment, the yield of rape is in the pot. Rational fertilization, biological humic acid fertilizer and optimized fertilization reduced 20%+ biological humic acid fertilizer, which showed a relatively close growth trend, and the content of each nutrient in the soil was close, and the application of excessive fertilizer to soil properties and environment had adverse effects, in which the total nitrogen was 1.332-1.428g/kg and the organic matter was 2 in the optimized fertilization + biological humic acid. 7.55-33.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.29-81.19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg, the total nitrogen in the biological humic acid of 20%+ is 1.343-1.396g/kg, the organic matter is 28.20-33.07g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 68.83-108.50mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.35-81.50mg/kg, and the available potassium is 270.29-346.78mg/kg. in the indoor soil. In the column leaching experiment, the nutrient content in the drenched solution of 20%+ biological humic acid fertilizer is larger than traditional fertilization and biological humic acid fertilizer. The nitrate nitrogen in the traditional fertilizer + biological humic acid is 3.142-12.414mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L, and the traditional fertilization is reduced. In 20%+ biological humic acid, nitrate nitrogen is 3.019-12.210mg/L, ammonium nitrogen is 0.337-2.032mg/L, total nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L, soluble phosphorus is 0.039-0.129mg/L, which can reduce the input of chemical fertilizer in the case of heavy nutrient leaching, which is beneficial to prevent environmental pollution and economic loss. The reduction of chemical fertilizer is controlled by 20. % will not cause insufficient supply of nutrients in soil and reduction of cash crops.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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