黄土高原梯田DEM地形特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 02:26

本文选题：梯田 + DEM　；参考：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在水土流失严重的黄土高原地区,大面积修建梯田可以改变地表形态,减缓坡度,缩短坡长,改变流水侵蚀的过程,从而有效地治理水土流失。大多数现有DEM几乎不能满足梯田地形表达,丢失局部突变地形信息,而这些突变地形的存在会直接影响地形特征分析与土壤侵蚀的过程。对于如何把梯田突变地形信息加入DEM,实现梯田地形的有效表达,研究分析原始DEM和梯田DEM地形特征表达、地形因子提取及其对土壤侵蚀的影响是本文研究的重点。本研究以5m分辨率的DEM数据、2.5m分辨率的SPOT遥感影像和GPS RKT实测地形数据为基础,构建不同样区不同形态的梯田DEM,对梯田DEM与原始DEM地形特征、地形因子进行比较分析从而反映梯田对土壤侵蚀的影响,主要内容如下：(1)建立梯田DEM：陕西省实验样区,通过添加两组梯田台沿线利用TIN方法构建梯田DEM；对于甘肃省庄浪县实验样区,通过RKT实测地形高程数据利用TIN和Hutchinson两种方法进行建立梯田DEM。(2)梯田特征研究：从高程特征分析,主要对实验区梯田DEM与原始DEM的高程、高程差值、高程面积积分曲线之间比较分析；从梯田高程与坡度剖面结构特征、地形粗糙度等方面进行分析。(3)地形因子研究：坡面因子分析,主要对不同样区不同形态梯田DEM与原始DEM坡度、曲率、坡长、坡度坡长因子之间的比较分析；通过分析原始DEM和梯田DEM的地形因子(坡度、坡长、坡度坡长因子)的不同,反映梯田对土壤侵蚀的影响。
[Abstract]:In the loess plateau where soil and water loss is serious, the terrace can change the surface shape, slow down the slope, shorten the slope length, change the process of water erosion, and control soil erosion effectively. Most of the existing DEM can hardly satisfy terrace topographic representation and lose local abrupt topographic information, and the existence of these abrupt terrain will directly affect the analysis of topographic features and the process of soil erosion. As to how to add terrace abrupt terrain information into demm to realize the effective expression of terrace topography, it is the focus of this paper to study and analyze the topographic feature expression of original DEM and terrace DEM, and the extraction of topographic factors and their influence on soil erosion. Based on the SPOT remote sensing image with 2.5m resolution and the topographic data measured by GPS RKT, the terraces with different shapes in different areas are constructed, and the terrace DEM and original DEM topographic features are analyzed. The topographic factors are compared and analyzed to reflect the influence of terraces on soil erosion. The main contents are as follows: (1) establishing terrace DEM: experimental sample area in Shaanxi Province, By adding two groups of terraces along the terrace and using TIN method to construct terrace demm; for the experimental sample area of Zhuanglang County in Gansu Province, using TIN and Hutchinson methods to establish terraced terrace characteristics: to analyze the elevation characteristics. The comparison and analysis of elevation, elevation difference, elevation area integral curve between terrace DEM and original DEM were made, and the structural characteristics of terrace elevation and slope profile were analyzed. Analysis of terrain roughness. (3) terrain factors: slope factor analysis, the comparison analysis between DEM and original DEM slope, curvature, slope length and slope length factors in different terraces in different areas; The difference of topographic factors (slope, slope length, slope length) between the original DEM and terrace DEM was analyzed to reflect the influence of terrace on soil erosion.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.31

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