棉秆木醋液对牛粪堆肥过程重金属（Cu、Zn）钝化作用的调控研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 09:07

本文选题：牛粪 + 堆肥反应装置　；参考：《塔里木大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来新疆畜牧业发展迅猛，正在向集约化、规模化、产业化方向发展，但同时也伴随着大量的畜禽排泄物的产生，严重威胁人畜的生存健康和制约了社会的发展和进步。因此，对畜禽粪便等废弃物进行有效地处理，对畜牧业可持续发展和改善生态环境具有重要的现实意义。本文将制备的棉秆木醋液施加到牛粪堆肥过程中，研究牛粪堆肥过程中Cu、Zn含量变化及钝化的影响，为开发具有可再生性且安全经济的牛粪堆肥重金属钝化材料提供实践参考。主要结论如下：（1）通过预试验可知，堆肥后重金属Cu和Zn的总量均是增加的，因此重金属的总量不能作为钝化效果的唯一指标。（2）通过单因素试验可知，堆肥后DTPA提取态Cu和Zn的分配率均下降了，再次表明堆肥是有助于Cu和Zn的钝化，且处理组的钝化效果比对照组的钝化效果显著，当木醋液添加比例为0.65%时，Cu和Zn的钝化效果均达到最大，分别为21.72%和33.11%。对不同处理进行拟合，结果显示Cu的钝化回归方程为y=-0.4082x3+2.348x2+0.389x+7.609，决定系数为R2=0.959；同理，Zn的钝化回归方程为y=-0.5904x3+3.372x2+1.695x+8.956，决定系数为R2=0.978；表明木醋液对Cu和Zn的钝化作用是高度相关的。（3）均匀试验设计结果显示，当木醋液添加比例为0.50%、含水量为40%和C/N比为40时，，重金属Cu和Zn的钝化效果达到最大值，分别为13.5%和30.2%。建立木醋液、含水量和C/N比条件下的多因素数学模型，Cu的钝化预测模型为y Cu=15.4748+0.3524x A0.1100xB+0.0131xC， Zn的钝化预测模型为y Zn=34.3512+11.0905xA0.2561x B0.0531xC，模型均达到精度要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the animal husbandry in Xinjiang is developing rapidly, which is developing towards the direction of intensive, large-scale and industrialization. However, it is also accompanied by the production of a large amount of livestock and poultry excreta, which seriously threatens the survival and health of human and livestock and restricts the development and progress of the society. Therefore, the effective treatment of animal manure and other wastes is of great practical significance to the sustainable development of animal husbandry and the improvement of ecological environment. In this paper, the cotton stalk wood vinegar was applied to the process of cow manure composting, and the effects of Cu Zn content and passivation during the process of cow manure composting were studied, which provided a practical reference for the development of heavy metal passivating materials of cattle manure compost with reproducibility and safety and economy. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the results of pre-test showed that the total amount of Cu and Zn increased after composting, so the total amount of heavy metals could not be used as the only index of passivation effect. (2) the results of single factor experiment showed that the distribution rate of Cu and Zn in DTPA was decreased after composting, which showed that compost was helpful to the passivation of Cu and Zn, and the passivation effect of the treatment group was more significant than that of the control group. When the ratio of wood vinegar was 0.65, the passivation effect of Cu and Zn reached the maximum, 21.72% and 33.11%, respectively. The results showed that the passivation regression equation of Cu was y=-0.4082x3 2.348x2 0.389x 7.609, and the determination coefficient was R2N 0.959. The passivation regression equation of y=-0.5904x3 3.372x2 1.695x 8.956 was y=-0.5904x3 3.372x2 1.695x 8.956, which indicated that the passivation effect of wood vinegar on Cu and Zn was highly correlated. The results of uniform experiment showed that when the ratio of wood vinegar was 0.50, the water content was 40% and the ratio of C / N was 40, the passivation effect of Cu and Zn reached the maximum value of 13.5% and 30.2%, respectively. Under the conditions of wood vinegar, water content and C / N ratio, the passivation prediction model of Cu is y Cu=15.4748 0.3524x A0.1100xB 0.0131xC, and the prediction model of Zn passivation is y Zn=34.3512 11.0905xA0.2561x B0.0531xC, which all meet the precision requirements.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4

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