中原经济区不同农业循环模式下农田系统的能值和生命周期评价

发布时间：2018-04-23 10:27

本文选题：中原经济区 + 循环农业　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对目前中原经济区农业资源不均、环境污染日益严重以及可持续性发展不足等问题,本研究以传统农业生产模式(“麦—玉”复种,秸秆焚烧)为对照,应用能值评价法(EMA)和生命周期评价法(LCA),对中原经济区不同农业循环模式即农田循环模式(秸秆直接还田)、农牧循环模式(粮—牛—粮)和农菌循环模式(粮—菌—粮)下的农田系统进行分析研究,得到以下主要结论:1.通过能值评价发现,三种循环农业模式均优化了能值投入结构,其不可更新资源投入较传统农业生产模式分别降低了4.42%-6.00%;循环农业模式增加了总能值产出,其较传统农业生产模式高0.50%-6.35%;循环农业的能值指标较传统农业生产模式更优,其中可更新比率较传统农业生产模式增加了642.72%-730.06%,环境负载率较传统农业生产模式降低了86.51%-88.87%,净能值产出率较传统农业生产模式高0.91%-9.17%,可持续性指标比传统农业生产模式高704.68%-848.25%。综合来讲,三种循环农业模式具有更优的能值投入结构、更高的能值产出和更好的可持续发展性,其中又以农牧循环模式和农菌循环模式更优。2.通过生命周期评价发现,三种循环农业模式降低了“麦—玉”两熟制种植模式的环境总影响,其中全球增温潜势较传统农业生产模式降低了50.88%-51.45%,环境酸化潜势较传统农业生产模式降低了10.98%-14.04%,富营养化潜势较传统农业生产模式降低了0.04%-1.93%;对环境和人体毒性影响较传统农业生产模式降低了2.90%-13.62%。综合来看,三种循环农业的各项环境影响均小于传统农业,其中又以农牧循环模式和农田循环模式最优,但在实际生产中仍应注意优化施肥和病虫害治理方式,减少化肥和农药的过量施用,进一步降低农业生产对环境造成的负面影响。3.结合循环农业的发展特点,通过EMA-LCA综合评价发现,三种循环农业模式的综合效益均优于传统农业生产模式,其中资源减量化指标较传统农业生产模式提高1.45%-53.36%,再循环利用指标较传统农业生产模式提高38.67%-45.94%,经济竞争力指标较传统农业生产模式提高11.11%-730.06%,污染减排指标较传统农业生产模式提高2.53%-51.15%,可持续发展指标较传统农业生产模式提高642.72%-848.25%。综上可知,三种农业循环模式体现了循环农业的“减量化、再循环、再利用、可控化”的原则,达到了节能减排的目的。三种循环农业模式中又以农牧循环模式的综合指标更好。综合来看,应用能值和生命周期评价法对不同的农业模式下的农田系统进行评价,结果表明农田循环、农牧循环和农菌循环三种循环农业模式的能值投入结构和能值指标优于传统农业生产模式,能值产出高于传统农业生产模式,环境影响低于传统农业生产模式,资源减量化指标、再循环利用指标、经济竞争力指标、污染减排指标及可持续发展指标较传统农业生产模式好,是更适合中原经济区农业发展的模式,可因地制宜进行发展。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of uneven agricultural resources in the Central Plains Economic Zone, the increasingly serious environmental pollution and the lack of sustainable development, this study takes the traditional agricultural production model ("wheat and jade" replanting, straw burning) as the control, using the EMA and the life cycle assessment (LCA), to the different agricultural cycle modes in the Central Plains Economic Area, namely, farmland The farmland system under the cycle model (straw returning directly to the field), the agricultural and animal husbandry cycle model (grain cow grain) and the agricultural bacteria cycle model (grain bacteria and grain) was analyzed and studied, and the following main conclusions were obtained: 1. through the evaluation of the energy value, the energy input structure was optimized by the three kinds of circular agricultural models, and the non renewable resource input was more than the traditional agricultural production. The model reduced 4.42%-6.00% respectively; the circular agriculture model increased the total energy output, which was higher than the traditional agricultural production model 0.50%-6.35%; the energy value index of the circular agriculture was better than the traditional agricultural production model, in which the renewable ratio increased by 642.72% -730.06% compared with the traditional agricultural production model, and the environmental load rate was more than the traditional agricultural production model. Lower 86.51%-88.87%, the net energy output rate is higher than the traditional agricultural production model 0.91%-9.17%, the sustainability index is higher than the traditional agricultural production model 704.68%-848.25%. comprehensive, three kinds of circular agricultural models have better energy value input structure, higher energy output and better sustainable development. Through the life cycle evaluation, the three kinds of circular agricultural models reduce the total environmental impact of the "Mai Yu" two cropping pattern, in which the global warming potential decreased by 50.88%-51.45% than the traditional agricultural production model, and the environmental acidification potential decreased by 10.98%-14.04% than that of the traditional agricultural production model, which was 10.98%-14.04% and rich. The nutritional potential decreased by 0.04%-1.93% than the traditional agricultural production model, and the effect of the environmental and human toxicity on the traditional agricultural production model was lower than that of the traditional agricultural production model 2.90%-13.62%.. All the environmental impacts of the three kinds of circular agriculture were less than that of the traditional agriculture, and the agricultural and animal husbandry cycle mode and the farmland cycle model were the best, but in actual production, it still remained in the actual production. Attention should be paid to optimizing the methods of fertilization and pest management, reducing the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reducing the negative effects of agricultural production on the environment and the development characteristics of.3. combined with circular agriculture. Through EMA-LCA comprehensive evaluation, it is found that the comprehensive benefits of the three kinds of Circular Agricultural models are all superior to the traditional agricultural production models, among which the resources are reduced. Compared with the traditional agricultural production model, the quantitative index is improved by 1.45%-53.36%, the index of recycling utilization is higher than the traditional agricultural production model by 38.67%-45.94%, the index of economic competitiveness is improved by 11.11%-730.06% compared with the traditional agricultural production model, and the pollution emission reduction index is higher than the traditional agricultural production model by 2.53%-51.15%. The index of sustainable development is more than the traditional agricultural production. The production model improves the 642.72%-848.25%. comprehensive analysis. The three agricultural cycle models reflect the principle of "reduction, recycling, reuse and controllability" of circular agriculture, which has achieved the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In the three circular agriculture models, the comprehensive index of agriculture and animal husbandry cycle model is better. Comprehensive, application of energy and life cycle evaluation The method is used to evaluate the farmland system under different agricultural patterns. The results show that the energy input structure and energy value index of three circular agricultural models of agricultural and pastoral circulation and agricultural cycle are superior to the traditional agricultural production model, and the energy output is higher than the traditional agricultural production model, and the environmental impact is lower than the traditional agricultural production model and the resource reduction. The index, recycling index, economic competitiveness index, pollution reduction target and sustainable development index are better than the traditional agricultural production model. It is more suitable for the development of agricultural development in the Central Plains Economic Region.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S181

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