黄土丘陵区林草恢复进程中土壤入渗特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 15:39

本文选题：退耕年限 + 林地　；参考：《北京林业大学学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：植被恢复可以改善土壤的入渗能力,植被恢复方式不同及恢复进程中其土壤性质的改善对土壤水文特征的影响程度也将影响到植被恢复的格局。为确定林地、草地植被恢复年限对土壤水分入渗特征的影响,以黄土丘陵区西部官山林场退耕后栽植的刺槐林地、撂荒草地为对象,选取退耕年限为9年、15年、25年的林地、草地。于2014年5月对各样地的原状土土柱进行定水头入渗,比较不同退耕年限林地、草地的入渗性能和湿润锋穿透60 cm土柱的时间,并分析影响入渗特性的因素。结果表明:退耕年限为25年林地的土壤稳定入渗率、平均入渗率、前120 min累积入渗量、湿润锋到达60 cm土柱的时间分别为1.86,2.60 mm/min,387.82 mm,23.00 min;退耕年限为15年林地分别为1.38,1.90 mm/min,288.88 mm,35.33 min;退耕年限为9年林地分别为0.35,1.03 mm/min,194.50 mm,40.00 min;退耕年限为25年草地分别为3.17,3.17 mm/min,386.43 mm,24.00 min;退耕年限为15年草地分别为1.86,2.60 mm/min,387.82 mm,34.33 min;退耕年限为9年草地分别为1.86,2.60 mm/min,387.82 mm,38.33 min。6种样地的土壤入渗过程均能用通用模型进行高精度拟合。各样地土壤入渗速率与土壤有机质、0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈正相关关系,与土壤密度呈负相关关系。土壤入渗能力随退耕年限增加而增强,退耕还草比退耕还林更有利于土壤入渗能力增强。因此建议在水资源有限的黄土区以退耕还草为主以促进更多的降雨就地入渗。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration can improve the infiltration ability of soil. Different vegetation restoration methods and the influence of soil properties on soil hydrological characteristics will also affect the pattern of vegetation restoration. In order to determine the influence of forest land and grassland vegetation restoration years on soil moisture infiltration characteristics, the Robinia pseudoacacia forest land planted in Guanshan Forest Farm in western loess hilly region was taken as the object, and the abandoned grassland was selected as the forest land with 9 years, 15 years and 25 years. The grass. In May 2014, the undisturbed soil column was infiltrated with constant head of water. The infiltration performance of grassland and the time of wetting front penetrating 60 cm soil column were compared with those of forest land with different returning years, and the factors affecting infiltration characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the stable infiltration rate, the average infiltration rate and the cumulative infiltration amount of the first 120 min were the stable infiltration rate of forest land for 25 years. The time of moisture front reaching 60 cm soil column was 1.86 卤2.60 mm / min 387.82 mm / min 23.00 min, 15 years forest land was 1.38 88 mm / min ~ 35.33 min, 9 years forest land was 0.35 卤1.03 mm / min 194.50 mm / min 40.00 min, 25 years grassland was 3.17 ~ 3.17 mm / min ~ 386.43 mm / min 24.00 min, respectively; The soil infiltration process of the grassland with a 15-year limit of 1.86 ~ 2.60 mm / min ~ 387.82 mm / min ~ 34.33 min and 9 years with a yield of 1.86 ~ 2.60 mm / min ~ 387.82 mm / m ~ 38.33 min.6 can be fitted with a general model. Soil infiltration rate was positively correlated with soil organic matter content of 0.25 mm and negatively correlated with soil density. The ability of soil infiltration increased with the increase of the number of years, and the ability of returning farmland to grassland was better than that of returning cropland to forest. Therefore, it is suggested that in the loess area with limited water resources, the conversion of farmland to grass should be given priority to in order to promote more rainfall infiltration in situ.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41471439、41171421)
【分类号】：S152.7

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