《齐民要术》中的农业与饮食文化研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 17:30

本文选题：《齐民要术》 + 农业　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：魏晋南北朝时期是中国历史上鲜见的长时间、大规模战乱分裂时期,也是中华民族历史进程的重要时期,因而是一个对社会民生影响较为深刻的历史时期。学术界对于魏晋南北朝时期的政治、经济、文化、军事乃至官制研究硕果颇丰,然而涉及到农业与饮食相关的经济生活史研究则相对较少。《齐民要术》是中国迄今发现最早,且较为完整地保存流传下来的古代综合农学著作,素有“农业百科全书”之称,成书于公元533-544年间。该书主要记载了魏晋南北朝时期黄河中下游地区的农业生产和食品加工的情况,并且零散的记录了江南、东北以及甘肃、陕西部分地区的农业与食料状况,它对后世的农业思想产生了巨大的影响。该书所反映的部分农业生产技术、食品原料以及加工方法一直延续到今天,并且有些还依然在社会民生中发挥着重要的作用。与此同时,《齐民要术》还反映了魏晋南北朝时期出现的多民族(或部族、氏族)间相互补益、交融和认同的过程,是解读当时诸多历史现象的重要历史参考。本文力图从农业的角度去解析这一时期的饮食文化特征,因为魏晋南北朝时期的饮食文化对中国饮食文化产生及其重要的影响,是中国饮食文化体系中不可分割的一部分。这一时期的食物原料与食品品种在各个地域之间呈现出十分频繁交流的特点,诸如稻、粟、小麦、肉食、蔬菜、水果等,这些都是贯穿中国农业史和中国饮食文化史的物质载体,也是祖先留给当下具有现实意义的农业文化遗产。首先通过对稻作、粟作、小麦魏晋南北朝时期的具体农业种植以及具体分布情况进行分析,从而探究其作为主食原料的具体形态考证,进一步探究其与饮食文化形成的具体关系。与此同时,副食品在该书中有众多体现,结合文献的记载与现代科学技术的理论来发现其当时食料加工的科学性,比如酸奶的酿造技术已十分接近于现在的酿造技术。另外,由于魏晋南北朝时期关于东北地区的农业史与饮食文化史研究与其他地区(比如黄河中下游、长江中下游)的研究相比,是比较薄弱的。本文,通过对于《齐民要术》当中关于东北地区的零星记载,比较其他现有记载的文献,对当时东北地区饮食文化的形成以及与中原地区的交流进行探索。《齐民要术》中关于农业的记载真实反应了农耕文明的强大包容度和文化感召力,该书中许多食品加工方式混合了汉族和少数民族的饮食习惯和食用手段,并且这样的融合更多体现单向性衍变,真实反映了游牧民族进入中原地区之后被强势的农耕民族文化包围下,被迫或是主动接受农耕文化,将自己原有的游牧文化与农耕文化有机结合起来,促使自身的汉化,同时亦促进了农耕文明的文化多样性以及饮食文化的扩延性。所以对《齐民要术》中的农业与饮食文化进行研究就是要真实反映当时人们普遍的社会生活状况,与当时所处这个时期的人们进行“对话”,从而能更为真实的反映魏晋南北朝时期的历史社会图景。
[Abstract]:The period of the Wei, Jin and the northern and Southern Dynasties was a long time in China's history, the period of the division of large-scale war and the important period of the history of the Chinese nation, so it was a historical period which had a profound influence on the people's livelihood. The academic circles have fruitful achievements in the study of the political, economic, cultural, military and even the bureaucracy in the period of the Wei, Jin, and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The study of the economic life history related to agriculture and diet is relatively small. "Qi Min Yao Shu" is the earliest and more complete ancient comprehensive agricultural work found in China. It is known as the "Encyclopedia of agriculture". The book was written in 533-544 ad. The book mainly recorded the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The situation of agricultural production and food processing in the region, and the scattered records of the agriculture and food conditions in parts of the south of the Yangtze River, northeast and Gansu, Shaanxi, has a great impact on the agricultural ideas of the later generations. It still plays an important role in the people's livelihood. At the same time, Qi Min essential skill also reflects the process of mutual benefit, blending and identification between the multi NATIONALITIES (or tribes) in the Wei, Jin and the northern and Southern Dynasties, which is an important historical reference for reading many historical phenomena at that time. This article tries to analyze this period from the angle of agriculture. The food culture is an inseparable part of the Chinese food culture system because of the food culture and its important influence on the Chinese diet culture during the period of the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties. These are the material carriers that run through Chinese agricultural history and the history of Chinese food and culture. It is also the agricultural cultural heritage that ancestors left to the present practical significance. First, the specific agricultural planting and specific distribution of the rice, millet, the Wei, Jin, and the northern and Southern Dynasties were analyzed to explore its raw material as a staple food. At the same time, the specific relationship between the food culture and the formation of food culture is further explored. At the same time, the non-staple food has many manifestations in the book, combining the records of the literature and the modern science and technology theory to find the scientific nature of the food processing at that time, for example, the brewing technology of yogurt has been very close to the present brewing technology. In the period of the Wei, Jin, and the northern and Southern Dynasties, the study on the history of agriculture and the history of food culture in the northeast region was relatively weak compared with other areas (such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River). The formation of culture and the exploration of communication with the Central Plains region. The record of agriculture in Qi Min Yao Shu reflects the strong tolerance and cultural appeal of farming civilization. Many of the food processing methods in this book have mixed the eating habits and means of the Han and ethnic minorities, and the integration of this kind of food is more unidirectional. Changes, truly reflect the nomadic people entering the Central Plains region, surrounded by a strong farming culture, forced or actively accepted farming culture, combining their original nomadic culture with farming culture, promoting their own sinicization, and also promoting the cultural diversity of the farming culture and the extension of the food culture. Therefore, the study of the agriculture and food culture in Qi Min essential skill is to reflect the general social life situation of the people at that time, and "dialogue" with the people at that time, which can reflect the historical and social picture of the Wei, Jin, and the northern and Southern Dynasties more truly.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S-09;TS971

【参考文献】