河池烟区土壤养分状况和烤烟施肥关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 15:42

本文选题：烤烟 + 土壤养分　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在深入调查和综合评价植烟土壤养分状况和烟株营养元素分布状况的基础上,开展大量元素肥料配比试验研究和中微量元素补充施用研究,建立能够促进烟株生长、改善烟叶质量的平衡施肥技术,为河池市优质烟叶开发提供技术支撑。其主要结论如下：(1)河池烟区植烟土壤土壤pH平均值为6.2±0.86,整体处于适宜水平；土壤有机质含量平均值为29.1±9.9 g·kg-1,总体处于适宜至丰富范围；土壤CEC平均为12.4±4.4 cmol·kg-1,处于适宜至偏低水平；土壤速效氮总体处于较丰富范围,速效磷和速效钾整体处于缺乏至极缺乏水平；土壤交换性钙、有效硫含量整体较为适宜,交换性镁含量整体处于较低水平；土壤有效锌、钼、锰和水溶性氯含量整体较为适宜,铁含量较为丰富,有效硼含量较为缺乏。(2)与国内其他产区优质烟叶相比,河池烟叶氮和磷含量总体处于偏低水平；烟叶钾含量总体上高于其他产区,但距离优质烟叶钾含量要求还有一定差距；烟叶钙含量偏高,镁含量严重偏低；硫和氯含量总体处于中等水平；烟叶锰含量和硼含量严重低于国内其他优质烟叶产区水平。(3)采取裂区试验,研究了氮肥(每667m2施纯氮5kg、6kg、7kg)、磷肥(每667m2施纯磷9kg、11kg、13kg)和钾肥(每667m2施纯钾18kg、21kg、24kg)不同用量对烟株生长和烟叶质量的影响,结果表明,以每667m2施纯氮6kg,纯磷11kg,纯钾24kg的氮磷钾配比模式较优。(4)在氮磷钾三大营养水平一致的条件下,采取随机区组试验,研究了不同有机肥用量(每667m2施麸肥0kg、10kg、20kg、30kg、40kg)对烟株生长和烟叶质量的影响,结果表明,以每667m2施麸肥20kg较为适合。(5)针对河池烟区土壤速效钾含量普遍偏低的情况,采取随机区组试验,研究在常规施肥基础上使用生物钾肥的技术应用效果。结果表明：以“常规施肥+每667m2增施2kg生物钾肥”和“常规施肥减少10%钾肥用量+每667 m2增施2kg生物钾肥”两种方式可促进烟株生长、改善烟叶品质。(6)在相同施肥量的条件下,采取随机区组试验,研究了钾肥施用时间后移对烟叶生长和品质形成的影响。结果表明,综合田间长势、经济性状和质量性状来看,相同钾肥施用量条件下,50%团棵期追施+50%圆顶期追施是较为适合河池烟区的实际钾肥施用方式。(7)针对河池烟区部分土壤偏酸和土壤交换性镁普遍不足的特点,以白云石粉为供试材料,采取大区试验,研究了白云石粉用量对烟株生长和烟叶质量的影响。结果表明,在土壤pH值在5.0左右时,每667m2施用100-150kg白云石粉较为合适,烟株长势和经济性状均有所改善。(8)针对河池烟区土壤有效硼普遍缺乏的特点,采取随机区组试验,研究了不同硼肥用量和施用方法对烟叶生长和烟叶质量的影响。试验结果表明：在常规施肥的基础上每667m2基施硼砂2.0kg或旺长前期喷施0.15%硼砂能有效提高烟叶叶面积,改善烟叶等级结构。综合以上研究结果,针对河池烟区土壤养分和烤后烟叶矿质养分含量现状,烟叶生产中应坚持“稳氮、增磷、提钾、补镁硼”的平衡施肥总体思路,并采用增施生物钾肥和后移钾肥施用时间等方式改进钾肥施用方式、提高钾肥利用效率。
[Abstract]:On the basis of in-depth investigation and comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient status and distribution of nutrient elements in tobacco plants, this paper carried out a large amount of fertilizer ratio test and supplemental application of medium and trace elements to establish a balanced fertilization technology that could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the quality of tobacco leaves to provide technology for the development of high quality tobacco in Hechi. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average value of soil soil pH in tobacco planting soil in Hechi is 6.2 + 0.86, and the overall soil organic matter content is 29.1 + 9.9 g kg-1, and the average soil CEC is 12.4 + 4.4 CMoL. Kg-1, and the soil available nitrogen is at the low level. As a whole, available P and available K are in a lack of extreme deficiency as a whole; soil exchangeable calcium, effective sulfur content as a whole is more suitable, and the content of exchangeable magnesium is at a lower level; the content of effective zinc, molybdenum, manganese and water-soluble chlorine in soil is more suitable, the content of iron is more abundant and the content of effective boron is scarce. (2) and domestic The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in tobacco leaves in Hechi was generally on the low level compared with other high quality tobacco leaves. The content of potassium in tobacco leaves is higher than that in other producing areas, but there is a certain gap between the potassium content of high quality tobacco leaves and the high content of calcium in tobacco leaves, the content of magnesium is seriously low, and the content of sulfur and chlorine is at the middle level, and the content of manganese and boron in tobacco leaves are in the middle level. (3) the effects of different dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen 5kg, 6kg, 7kg), phosphorus fertilizer (pure phosphorus 9kg, 11kg, 13kg) and potassium fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plant and the quality of tobacco were studied by the split zone test. The results showed that the effects of the different amounts of pure potassium 18kg, 21kg, 24kg) on the growth of tobacco plants and the quality of tobacco. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of pure potassium 24kg was better. (4) under the same conditions of three large nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the effect of different organic manure (0kg, 10kg, 20kg, 30kg, 40kg) on the growth of tobacco plant and the quality of tobacco was studied in a random area test. The results showed that the percentage of 20kg per 667m2 application was more suitable. (5) for Hechi tobacco. In the case of low soil available potassium in the soil, a randomized block test was adopted to study the application effect of biological potassium fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilization. The results showed that two kinds of methods were: "conventional fertilization, adding 2kg biological potash fertilizer per 667m2 per 667m2" and "reducing the amount of potassium fertilizer with conventional fertilization and adding 2kg bio potash fertilizer per 667 m2." Growth of tobacco plant and improvement of tobacco quality. (6) under the same amount of fertilizer, the effect of the time shift of Potassium Fertilizer on the growth and quality of tobacco leaves was studied under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer. The results showed that, under the condition of the comprehensive field growth, economic characters and quality traits, the 50% regiment period chased the +50% dome period under the same application amount of potash fertilizer. Application is suitable for the practical application of potash fertilizer in Hechi tobacco area. (7) in view of the characteristics of partial soil partial acid and exchangeable magnesium in the tobacco area of Hechi, the effect of dolomite powder on the growth of tobacco plant and the quantity of tobacco leaf quality was studied with dolomite powder as the test material. The results showed that the pH value of the soil was about 5. The application of 100-150kg dolomite powder per 667m2 was more suitable, and the growth and economic traits of the tobacco plant were improved. (8) according to the characteristics of the common lack of available boron in the soil of Hechi tobacco area, the effect of different dosage of boron fertilizer and application method on the growth of tobacco leaves and the quality of tobacco leaves was studied. On the basis of each 667m2 base application of borax 2.0kg or early spraying 0.15% borax, the leaf area of tobacco leaves can be improved effectively and the structure of tobacco leaves can be improved. According to the above results, the balance fertilization of "stable nitrogen, phosphorus increase, potassium extraction and Magnesium Boron" should be adhered to in the production of soil nutrients in Hechi tobacco area and the content of mineral nutrients in the cured tobacco leaves. The application of potassium fertilizer and the increase of potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency were improved by adding biological potassium fertilizer and post application potassium fertilizer.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S158

【参考文献】