江南冷浸田治理利用研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-26 22:30

本文选题：冷浸田 + 土壤改良　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2016年09期

【摘要】：冷浸田是我国江南地区主要的一类低产水田,因其撂荒普遍,但增产潜力巨大且自然生态条件优越而受到关注。冷浸田形成是气候、地形、水文、人为管理等综合作用形成的结果。受常年地表水和地下水浸渍影响,冷浸田土壤物理、化学和生物学性质发生了系列变化,呈现"冷、烂、毒、瘦"障碍特征,如水土温度低、土壤浸水容重低、亚铁、有机酸及还原态硫等还原性物质含量高、有机碳含量高但活性有机碳及有效养分缺乏或失衡、微生物区系少等。通过稻田潜育层与土壤还原性物质、地下水位等指标可诊断冷浸田并可评价土壤质量。冷浸田的治理利用包括工程措施、农艺措施与生物措施等综合技术,涉及明沟暗管、适生品种、水旱轮作、垄畦耕作、平衡施肥与土壤改良剂等。除了传统的水稻种植方式外,因地制宜利用是提高冷浸田综合生产能力的有效措施。在总结前人基础上,基于农业可持续发展观点,展望了今后冷浸田治理利用的研究重点与对策建议,包括研究不同渍水状态与干湿交替下土壤结构和土壤有机质组分差异;加强长期渍水状态的冷浸田甲烷排放特征研究;加强冷浸田潜育化过程厌气性的微生物与其产生的相关酶的生态学过程研究,强化微生物学调控改良冷浸田;此外应针对不同生态类型与生产条件的冷浸田加强技术集成与政策扶持。
[Abstract]:Cold soaking field is the main type of low-yield paddy field in the south of the Yangtze River in China. It is widely abandoned, but has great potential for increasing yield and superior natural ecological conditions. The formation of cold-soaking field is the result of climate, topography, hydrology, artificial management and so on. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil in cold impregnated fields have undergone a series of changes, characterized by "cold, rotten, toxic and thin" barriers, such as low soil and water temperature, low bulk density of soil-soaking water, and ferrous iron, The content of organic acid and reducing sulfur is high, the content of organic carbon is high, but the active organic carbon and available nutrients are lacking or unbalance, and the microbial flora is less. The cold soaking field can be diagnosed and the soil quality can be evaluated by the indicators of latent layer of paddy field, reducing material of soil, groundwater level and so on. The treatment and utilization of cold soaking fields include engineering measures, agronomic measures and biological measures, including open ditch and dark pipe, suitable varieties, rotation of land and drought, furrow tillage, balanced fertilization and soil improver, etc. In addition to the traditional rice cultivation, the utilization of local measures is an effective measure to improve the comprehensive production capacity of cold soaking fields. Based on the viewpoint of sustainable development of agriculture, this paper looks forward to the research emphases and suggestions on the treatment and utilization of cold soaking fields in the future, including studying the differences of soil structure and soil organic matter composition under different waterlogging and dry-wet alternations. The characteristics of methane emission from cold soaking field in long-term waterlogging condition, the ecological process of anaerobic microorganism and its related enzymes in cold immersion field were strengthened, and the microbiological regulation was strengthened to improve cold dip field. In addition, technical integration and policy support should be strengthened for different ecological types and production conditions.
【作者单位】：福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;福建省闽清县土壤肥料技术站;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003059) 省属公益类科研院所科研专项(2016R1021-2)资助~~
【分类号】：S156.99

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