4种除草剂对羊角月芽藻的联合毒性效应

发布时间：2018-04-27 15:09

本文选题：四种除草剂 + 羊角月芽藻　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：除草剂对环境的复合污染研究日趋受到人们的重视,本研究以氯吡嘧磺隆Halosulfuron-methyl(HAL),丁草胺 Butachlor(BUT)、硝磺草酮 Mesotrione(MES)和莠去津Atrazine(ATR)为研究对象,通过毒性1:1的方法,探讨它们对羊角月芽藻的联合毒性效应。获得主要试验结果如下:1.研究了四种除草剂对羊角月芽藻的单一急性毒性。结果为:氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺、硝磺草酮、莠去津分别对羊角月芽藻生长的EC50.24h值分别为0.0080、0.140、2.136、0.04 mg/L;EC50.48h 值分别为 0.0070、0.118、2.748、0.020 mg/L;EC50.72h 值分别为 0.0050、0.104、3.475、0.023 mg/L。随着染毒时间的延长,四种除草剂对月月牙藻的毒性逐渐升高。四种除草剂对羊角月芽藻的毒性大小排序为:氯吡嘧磺隆莠去津丁草胺硝磺草酮。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺和莠去津对藻类都是高毒农药;而硝磺草酮对藻类为低毒农药。2.研究了氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺、硝磺草酮和莠去津4种除草剂二元和三元(等毒比)对羊角月芽藻染毒24h、48h、72h的联合毒性效应。结果表明,所有二元和三元混合对月牙藻的毒性随着处理时间的延长和毒物浓度的升高而增大。氯吡嘧磺隆与丁草胺联合作用表现为很强的拮抗(24h)、很强拮抗(48h)、较强拮抗(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆与硝磺草酮联合作用表现为拮抗作用(24h)、协同作用(48h)、很强协同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆与莠去津联合作用三个时期均表现为较强拮抗作用。丁草胺与硝磺草酮联合作用表现为拮抗作用(24h)、较强协同作用(48h)、较强协同(72h)。丁草胺与莠去津联合作用表现为很强拮抗作用(24h)、较强拮抗作用(48h)、很强协同作用(72h)。硝磺草酮与莠去津联合作用表现为较强拮抗作用(24h)、拮抗作用(48h)、接近相加作用(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺与硝磺草酮的联合作用表现为轻度协同(24h)、协同作用(48h)、较强协同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺与莠去津的联合作用表现为很强拮抗(24h)、较强拮抗(48h)、轻度协同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮与莠去津的联合作用表现为较强拮抗(24h)、拮抗作用(48h)、中等拮抗(72h)。丁草胺、硝磺草酮与莠去津的联合作用表现为较强拮抗(24h)、中等拮抗(48h)、协同作用(72h)。3.研究了四种除草剂在单一和混合条件染毒72h后对羊角月芽藻的叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,随药剂浓度的升高叶绿素含量降低。二元混合时,六个组合对月牙藻叶绿素含量的抑制作用都表现出拮抗作用。三元混合时,除了A氯吡嘧磺隆+丁草胺+硝磺草酮组合(CI=0.93)表现出接近相加的作用外,其余三个组合对月牙藻叶绿素含量的抑制作用都表现出拮抗作用。4.研究了四种除草剂单一和两个二元混合组合染毒72h后对羊角月芽藻蛋白质含量变化。在单一药剂条件下,四种除草的高剂量时明显的降低羊角月芽藻细胞中蛋白质含量,并且差异显著。羊角月芽藻蛋白质在低浓度氯吡嘧磺隆和丁草胺混合时有一定的刺激作用现象。而氯吡嘧磺隆和硝磺草酮的第一个浓度梯度对羊角月芽藻蛋白质的抑制作用明显,当在最大浓度时,蛋白质含量下降很明显,与对照组差异极显著。因此,氯吡嘧磺隆+硝磺草酮组合相对氯吡嘧磺隆和丁草胺组合对蛋白质的作用相对大一些。5.研究了四种除草剂单一和两个二元混合组合作用对羊角月芽藻的抗氧化酶活性的影响。在单一和混合条件下,低剂量的药剂会使羊角月芽藻细胞中SOD活性升高,并且与对照组相比达到差异显著水平;当药剂浓度的升高,SOD活性将会逐渐的降低。其中低浓度的硝磺草酮刺激月牙藻SOD活性升高的幅度最大。而月牙藻暴露在氯吡嘧磺隆时SOD活性增大幅度较小并且降低很快。在混合条件下,羊角月芽藻的SOD活性都是在低浓度的条件下有有一定的升高,当浓度的升高活性逐渐的降低。当氯吡嘧磺隆以浓度为0.086mg/L和丁草胺混合时,SOD活性升高明显低于其他浓度组合以及单一的丁草胺作用。在氯吡嘧磺隆和硝磺草酮混合中,当氯吡嘧磺隆以浓度为0.086mg/L和硝磺草酮混合时,SOD活性升高明显低于其他浓度组合以及单一的硝磺草酮作用。
[Abstract]:The research on the compound pollution of herbicides to environmental pollution is being paid more and more attention. In this study, the joint toxicity of Halosulfuron-methyl (HAL), butachlor Butachlor (BUT), nitramonacetone Mesotrione (MES) and atrazine Atrazine (ATR) was studied. The results are as follows: 1. the single acute toxicity of four herbicides to the moon buds was studied. The results were as follows: the EC50.24h value of chloroppyridimulimide, butachlor, nitramosonvone and atrazine respectively was 0.0080,0.140,2.136,0.04 mg/L, respectively, 0.0070,0.118,2.748,0.020 mg/L, and EC50.72h value respectively. The toxicity of four herbicides to crescent moon alga was gradually increased with the prolongation of the time of 0.0050,0.104,3.475,0.023 mg/L.. The toxicity of the four herbicides to the moon buds was chlorpyridamosulimonimide, chlorpyrazolonide, chlorpyrimimon, Butachlor and atrazine, and the alga was highly toxic. The combined toxic effects of 4 herbicides, two yuan and three yuan (equal to poison ratio) of chloroppyridimulimide, butachlor, nitramine and atrazine, were studied on the combined toxic effects of 4 kinds of herbicides on 24h, 48h and 72h. The results showed that the toxicity of all two and three yuan was prolonged with the prolongation of treatment time and the increase of poison concentration. The combined action of clopidolonimide and butachlor showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h) and strong antagonism (72h). The combined action of clopidolonimolon and nitro sulfonone showed antagonistic action (24h), synergistic action (48h) and strong synergy (72h). The combined action of clopidolyl sulfonon and atrazine both showed strong antagonism in the three periods. The combination of Butachlor and nitro sulfonone showed antagonistic effect (24h), strong synergism (48h) and strong synergy (72h). The combination of Butachlor and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h) and strong synergism (72h). The combination of NOx and atrazine was strong antagonism (24h) and antagonistic action. (48h), close to addition action (72h). Chlorpyrimimon, Butachlor and nitramone were combined with mild synergism (24h), synergism (48h), strong synergy (72h). The combination of chloroppyridimolon, Butachlor and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h), mild coordination (72h), chlorpyrimimon, nitreonoxone and The combined effect of atrazine was strong antagonism (24h), antagonism (48h), medium antagonism (72h). The combination of butachlor, nitreonoxacetone and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), medium antagonism (48h), and synergistic action (72h).3. to study the chlorophyll content of four kinds of herbicides on single and mixed conditions of 72h. The results showed that the chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of drug concentration. The inhibition action of the six combinations on the chlorophyll content of crescent alga was antagonistic when the mixture of two elements was mixed. When the three yuan mixed, the other three combinations were in addition to the addition of the A chlorpyrimimon + butachlor + nitramone combination (CI=0.93). The inhibition effect of the chlorophyll content of the alga showed antagonistic effect.4. to study the changes in protein content of the moon buds with four herbicides and two two mixed combinations of 72h. Under the condition of a single agent, the high dose of four kinds of herbicides obviously decreased the protein content in the cells of the moon bud, and the difference was significant. The protein at the low concentration of chlorpyrimimon and butachlor has a certain irritation effect. The first concentration gradient of chloroprimonon and nitramonidone has obvious inhibitory effect on the protein of the moon buds. When the maximum concentration, the decrease of protein content is obvious, so the difference is very significant with the control group. The combination of clopidolone + nitrononone relative to clopidolon and butachlor had a relatively large effect on protein. The effect of the combination of four herbicides and two two elements on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the moon buds was studied by four herbicides. Under a single and mixed condition, the low dose of the agent would make the cells of the moon bud. The activity of SOD in the medium was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the activity of SOD would gradually decrease with the increase of the concentration of the drug. The increase of the activity of SOD in the crescent moon alga was the largest in the low concentration, while the SOD activity of crescent algae was smaller and decreased rapidly when the crescent algae was exposed to chloroppyridimolon. Under the condition of low concentration, the activity of SOD was increased at a low concentration. When the concentration of 0.086mg/L and butachlor was mixed, the increase of SOD activity was obviously lower than that of other concentrations and the action of a single butachlor. In combination, when chlorpyrifos methyl was mixed with 0.086mg/L and nifedipine, the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that of other combinations and single sulfonidone.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.5;X592

【相似文献】