不同农作管理措施对东北地区农田土壤有机碳未来变化的模拟研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:53

本文选题：东北 + 管理措施　；参考：《中国农业科学》2015年03期

【摘要】：【目的】研究与探索不同农作管理措施对东北农业土壤有机碳的影响,为东北地区高产高效低碳农业及可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】不同农作管理措施能够影响土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)的未来变化,该研究基于东北地区4个长期定位试验站点(黑龙江省哈尔滨站点、吉林省公主岭站点、吉林省德惠站点、辽宁省沈阳站点)的试验数据,用站点的实测作物产量和SOC双标准对DAYCENT模型进行校验。DAYCENT模型调整的相关参数包括作物参数、耕作方式参数、施肥参数、收获参数和有机肥参数等,在对所选试验站点的长期定位试验结果校验后,利用已校验的各项参数,对模型模拟情况进行验证,发现模型模拟值与实测值吻合良好,表明DAYCENT模型适用于这4个地区的作物产量和SOC模拟,可以较好地模拟SOC的动态变化。进而研究在未来气候变化情景下(representative concentration pathway 4.5,RCP 4.5),用校验了的DAYCENT模型对这4个站点在4种不同管理情景(施用化肥、增施有机肥、秸秆还田、免耕)下的SOC变化情况进行模拟。【结果】模拟结果显示,对于哈尔滨站点,采用有机肥和氮磷钾化肥配施处理(MNPK)在短时间内使SOC升高较快,而从长远来看,配施低量有机肥与单施用化肥对SOC增加的斜率基本一致,但由于化肥和有机肥配施(MNPK)处理的初始SOC含量高,其SOC未来含量的绝对值也比较高;对于德惠站点,虽然短时间内,免耕处理SOC低于常耕处理,但长期看来,免耕更有利于增加SOC,其SOC涨幅逐渐高于常耕处理,40年间相对增加了11.88%;公主岭站点有机肥氮磷钾化肥配施和氮磷钾化肥结合秸秆还田措施较单施化肥可显著提高农田SOC;沈阳站点的未来有机碳模拟发现,在单施化肥情况下,未来的42年内SOC呈略微下降趋势,相对降低2.83%,从长远看来,单施化肥并不能使该地区SOC增加,因此,可以考虑采用有机肥和氮磷钾化肥配施等措施来提高该地区的农田SOC。【结论】DAYCENT模型可以有效地模拟作物产量和土壤有机碳的动态变化,模型适应性较强,同时DAYCENT模型可用于模拟站点未来SOC的动态变化。在东北地区农田土壤管理方面,可通过合理的有机肥化肥配施、推广免耕和秸秆还田技术来固定土壤碳,最终达到提高土壤有机碳库和促进农业可持续发展的目标。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study and explore the effects of different farming management measures on soil organic carbon in Northeast China. To provide scientific basis for high yield, high efficiency and low carbon agriculture and sustainable development in Northeast China. [methods] different farming management measures can affect the future changes of soil organic carbon soil (organic). The study was based on the experimental data of four long-term positioning test stations in Northeast China (Harbin, Heilongjiang, Gongzhuling, Dehui, Shenyang, Liaoning Province). The parameters related to the adjustment of DAYCENT model by using the measured crop yield and SOC double standard are crop parameters, tillage method parameters, fertilization parameters, harvest parameters and organic fertilizer parameters, and so on, which include crop parameters, tillage method parameters, fertilization parameters, harvest parameters and organic fertilizer parameters, etc. After checking the results of the long-term positioning test at the selected test stations, the model simulation results are verified by using the checked parameters, and it is found that the model simulation values are in good agreement with the measured values. The results showed that DAYCENT model was suitable for crop yield and SOC simulation in these four regions, and could simulate the dynamic change of SOC. Then the representative concentration pathway 4.5RCP 4.5 was studied in the future climate change scenario. The four sites were managed in four different management scenarios (applying chemical fertilizer, adding organic fertilizer, returning straw to the field by using the verified DAYCENT model). [results] the simulation results showed that organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase SOC rapidly in a short period of time, but in the long run, The slope of the increase of SOC was basically the same as that of organic fertilizer with low amount of organic fertilizer, but the absolute value of SOC content in the future was also higher because of the high initial SOC content of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer, and the absolute value of SOC content in the future was also higher for Dehui site, although in a short period of time, the absolute value of SOC content in the future was also relatively high. The SOC of no-tillage treatment was lower than that of conventional tillage treatment, but in the long run, The increase of SOC was higher than that of normal tillage in 40 years, and the combination of organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with straw application in Gongzhuling site could significantly improve agriculture. Tian SOC; Future Organic carbon Simulation findings at the Shenyang site, In the case of single fertilizer application, the SOC will decrease slightly in the next 42 years, and the relative decrease of 2.83%. In the long run, the application of chemical fertilizer alone can not increase the SOC in this area, so, Some measures such as organic fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be considered to improve the field SOC.Conclusion the DAYCENT model can effectively simulate the dynamic changes of crop yield and soil organic carbon, and the model is more adaptable. At the same time, DAYCENT model can be used to simulate the dynamic changes of SOC in the future. In the field of farmland soil management in Northeast China, it is possible to promote no-tillage and straw returning technology to stabilize soil carbon through rational application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and finally achieve the goal of increasing soil organic carbon pool and promoting sustainable development of agriculture.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学农学院;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室;浙江大学宁波理工学院土木建筑工程学院;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2013BAD11B03) 国家自然科学基金(41175097)
【分类号】：S153.6

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