杀菌剂烯酰吗啉对土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-28 09:29

本文选题：烯酰吗啉 + 土壤酶活性　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：棚室作为一个特殊的生态系统,在环境条件上与露地栽培有较大差别,同时该环境也为病虫生物提供了适宜的滋生条件,导致病虫生物大量繁殖,加上害虫和致病微生物易发生突变,对农药产生抗药性,因此导致人们对农药的高频、高剂量使用。大量研究证实,农药在设施农业中的持续时期远长于普通种植农业。因此这也就给我们提出了一个的问题:设施环境中农药的长期使用是否对土壤生命活动产生影响。烯酰吗啉在农业中广泛应用的杀菌剂,易在土壤中产生残留,对土壤生态环境产生影响。由于频繁施用,导致烯酰吗啉在土壤中的含量逐渐积累。土壤微生物学是检测土壤环境质量的重要指标之一,其变化能够反映农药对土壤生态环境的危害。通过室内分析试验,研究杀菌剂烯酰吗啉的频繁施用对土壤微生物多样性和土壤酶活性影响是亟需解决科学的问题。本试验以烯酰吗啉为供试农药,探讨其对土壤中酶和生物多样性的影响,得出以下结果:(1)烯酰吗啉对土壤多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性存在一定的抑制作用,且喷施含量越高,抑制作用越强;土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈现出刺激-抑制的趋势;对土壤脲酶活性的影响不显著;对土壤磷酸酶活性抑制程度显著强于脲酶活性。(2)烯酰吗啉对土壤呼吸强度抑制作用显著,且烯酰吗啉含量越高、施用次数越多,抑制作用越强。烯酰吗啉对土壤微生物量碳氮有一定程度的抑制作用,且施药浓度越高,次数越多,抑制作用越大。(3)综合上述研究结果,可以采用土壤多酚氧化酶,蔗糖酶土壤呼吸和土壤微生物量碳氮作为烯酰吗啉污染的生物学指标。(4)多次施用低含量(5,10 mg/kg)烯酰吗啉累积对土壤微生物群落物种丰富度以及均一度存在不同程度的抑制作用;高含量(25 mg/kg)烯酰吗啉不同喷施次数,均会对土壤微生物群落多样性产生显著的抑制作用。各处理在第一次施用后,只有高含量(25 mg/kg)烯酰吗啉对土壤AWCD值影响明显,对土壤微生物的代谢活性抑制作用显著;在第二次和第三次施用后,无论是低含量(5,10 mg/kg)还是高含量(25 mg/kg),烯酰吗啉处理土壤AWCD值总体显著减小,表明其对土壤微生物代谢活性的抑制作用显著增强。施用烯酰吗啉影响了土壤微生物碳源利用方式和土壤微生物群落结构,其中土壤微生物对碳水化合物类碳源利用率明显增大。
[Abstract]:As a special ecosystem, the greenhouse is different from open field cultivation in environmental conditions. At the same time, the environment also provides suitable breeding conditions for pest and disease organisms, which lead to mass propagation of disease and insect organisms. In addition, pests and pathogenic microorganisms are prone to mutagenesis and resistance to pesticides, which leads to high frequency and high dose of pesticides. A large number of studies have confirmed that the duration of pesticides in facility agriculture is much longer than that in ordinary farming. Therefore, this raises the question of whether the long-term use of pesticides in the facility environment has an impact on soil life activities. The fungicides widely used in agriculture by allyl morpholine are easy to produce residues in soil and have an effect on soil ecological environment. As a result of frequent application, the content of allyl morpholine in soil gradually accumulated. Soil microbiology is one of the important indexes to detect soil environmental quality, and its change can reflect the harm of pesticides to soil ecological environment. It is urgent to study the effects of frequent application of fungicide allylmorpholine on soil microbial diversity and soil enzyme activity through laboratory analysis. In this experiment, the effects of enylmorpholine on enzyme and biodiversity in soil were studied. The following results were obtained: 1) the activity of polyphenol oxidase and sucrase was inhibited by phenyl-morpholine in soil, and the higher the content of spraying was, the higher the content of phenolmorpholine was, the higher the activity of polyphenol oxidase and sucrase was. Soil catalase activity showed the tendency of stimulation and inhibition, and had no significant effect on soil urease activity. The inhibition of soil phosphatase activity was stronger than that of urease activity. Allyl morpholine has a certain degree of inhibition to soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the higher the application concentration, the more times, the more inhibitory effect.) synthesizing the above results, we can use soil polyphenol oxidase. Sucrase soil respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon nitrogen were used as biological indexes of allylmorpholine pollution. High concentration of 25 mg / kg) allylmorpholine could significantly inhibit the diversity of soil microbial community. After the first application, only 25 mg / kg of high content of tenyl morpholine significantly affected the AWCD value of soil, and inhibited the metabolic activity of soil microorganism significantly, and after the second and third application, The AWCD value of soil treated with allyl morpholine decreased significantly, whether it was 10 mg / kg or 25 mg 路kg ~ (-1), indicating that the inhibition of soil microbial metabolic activity was significantly enhanced by alkenylmorpholine, which was not only low content (10 mg 路kg ~ (-1))] or high content (25 mg 路kg ~ (-1)). The application of enylmorpholine affected soil microbial carbon source utilization patterns and soil microbial community structure, in which soil microbes increased the utilization rate of carbohydrate carbon sources.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154;S482.2

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