稻草及硫酸铝添加对苏打盐碱土有机质含量及其组成的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 00:06

本文选题：苏打盐碱土 + 稻草　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：松嫩平原苏打盐碱土是吉林省西部最具有开发潜力的土壤资源,同时也是最难改良利用的一类土壤。经过几代科学家的不懈努力,目前已经形成了一套以种稻改良、配施硫酸铝为核心的改良措施。在实际生产中发现,施用硫酸铝对苏打盐碱土有机质含量具有一定的促进作用。本研究以苏打草甸盐碱土为试验对象,通过实验室内水田模拟培养,研究了硫酸铝和稻草添加对土壤有机碳含量、腐殖质组分变化、活性有机碳含量变化以及有机无机复合体变化的影响,进一步探讨了硫酸铝和稻草添加对土壤有机质含量及其组成的影响,以期能为松嫩平原新开盐碱地水田土壤快速改良培肥技术体系的建立提供理论依据。研究结果概括如下:1.稻草和硫酸铝添加均有利于土壤有机碳含量的提高。在相同硫酸铝添加量条件下,土壤有机碳含量表现为随稻草添加量的增加而增加。在相同稻草添加量条件下,土壤有机碳含量随硫酸铝添加量的增加而呈增加趋势,在高稻草添加量条件下,各处理间差异达到显著水平。2.稻草的添加使土壤游离态腐殖质、结合态腐殖质及各组分含量均得到了不同程度的提高,尤其是游离态腐殖质增加更为显著。硫酸铝添加显著降低游离态腐殖质及胡敏酸的含量,提高结合态腐殖质及胡敏酸的含量,促进游离态腐殖质及胡敏酸向结合态转变,并且这种促进效果与硫酸铝添加量有明显的相关关系。3.向土壤中添加稻草及硫酸铝均能降低游离态胡敏酸和结合态胡敏酸的腐殖化度。添加稻草后可使土壤游离态胡敏酸由原来的B型转变为P型,添加硫酸铝会促使游离态胡敏酸由P型向Rp型转变,这种转变趋势会因稻草添加量的增加而加速。添加稻草对结合态胡敏酸类型的影响仅发生在量变上,并未使得A型结合态胡敏酸发生型变,硫酸铝添加对结合态胡敏酸的作用不明显。稻草和硫酸铝的添加使得土壤腐殖质更加年轻化,土壤腐殖质得到了更新。4.稻草添加显著提高了土壤微生物量碳和微生物商,提升幅度分别为108.5%~310.3%和76.1%~178.3%,低量稻草添加更有利于土壤微生物量碳和微生物商的增加。硫酸铝能够进一步促进土壤微生物量碳的增加,且硫酸铝添加量与微生物量碳的含量呈正相关关系。在未添加稻草的处理中,添加硫酸铝能增加土壤易氧化有机碳含量,降低土壤有机碳的Kos值。添加稻草和硫酸铝能不同程度的提高土壤易氧化有机碳的含量。Kos值随稻草添加量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,随硫酸铝添加量的增加呈增加趋势。5.稻草添加促进较小粒级复合体向大粒级复合体团聚,同时提高了各粒级复合体内有机碳的含量。硫酸铝添加能够促进稻草分解产生的有机胶体与无机颗粒形成有机无机复合体,促进土壤的团聚,同时提高大粒级有机无机复合体数量及有机碳含量。
[Abstract]:Soda-alkali soil in Songnen Plain is the most potential soil resource in the west of Jilin Province, and it is also the most difficult to improve the use of soil. Through the unremitting efforts of several generations of scientists, a set of improvement measures have been formed, which is based on the improvement of rice planting and the application of aluminum sulfate. It is found that the application of aluminum sulfate can promote the content of organic matter in soda-alkali soil. In this study, soda-meadow saline-alkali soil was used to study the changes of soil organic carbon and humus components by simulated cultivation of paddy field in laboratory. The effects of the content of active organic carbon and the change of organic-inorganic complex on the content and composition of soil organic matter were further studied by adding aluminum sulfate and straw. In order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of rapid improvement of soil fertility technology system in the newly opened saline and alkaline paddy fields in Songnen Plain. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate was beneficial to the increase of soil organic carbon content. Under the same amount of aluminum sulfate, soil organic carbon content increased with the increase of straw content. The soil organic carbon content increased with the increase of aluminum sulfate content under the same rice straw addition, and the difference between the treatments reached significant level at high rice straw content. The content of free humus, bound humus and components were increased in different degree by adding straw, especially in free humus. The addition of aluminum sulfate significantly reduced the contents of free humus and Hu Min acid, increased the contents of conjugated humus and Hu Min acid, and promoted the transition of free humus and Hu Min acid to binding state. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the effect and the amount of aluminum sulfate. Adding rice straw and aluminum sulfate to the soil can reduce the humification degree of free Hu Min acid and bound Hu Min acid. The addition of straw could change the free Hu Min acid from B type to P type, and aluminum sulfate could change the free Hu Min acid from P type to RP type, which would be accelerated by the increase of rice straw content. The effect of adding rice straw on the type of bound Hu Min acid occurred only in quantitative change, but did not cause the formation of type A binding state Hu Min acid, but the effect of aluminum sulfate on the binding state Hu Min acid was not obvious. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate made the soil humus younger and the soil humus was renewed. The soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient were significantly increased by adding straw, which increased by 310.3% and 76.1and 178.3%, respectively. Low straw addition was more favorable to the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient. Aluminum sulfate can further promote the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon, and the amount of aluminum sulfate is positively correlated with the content of microbial biomass carbon. The addition of aluminum sulfate can increase the content of easily oxidized organic carbon in soil and decrease the Kos value of soil organic carbon in the treatment without adding straw. Rice straw and aluminum sulfate could increase the content of easily oxidized organic carbon in soil. Kos value increased first and then decreased with the increase of rice straw addition, and increased with the increase of aluminum sulfate content. The addition of straw promoted the agglomeration of smaller grain size complex to large grain size complex, and also increased the content of organic carbon in each grain level complex. The addition of aluminum sulfate can promote the formation of organic-inorganic complex by organic colloid and inorganic particles from rice straw decomposition, promote soil aggregation, and increase the amount of organic-inorganic complex and the content of organic carbon in large grain.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4

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