黄土土质对溅蚀特征的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 03:33

  本文选题：溅蚀 + 黄土土质　； 参考：《水土保持研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：土壤质地是土粒溅蚀量及溅出方式的重要影响因素。以黄土高原4种土壤(土、黑垆土、砂黄土、黄绵土)为试验用土,通过人工模拟降雨试验研究了黄土土质对溅蚀量、溅出土粒颗粒组成的影响。结果表明:(1)溅蚀量随降雨历时增加呈幂函数趋势增加。降雨开始时溅蚀量取决于土表松散颗粒含量及土粒均匀程度。随后溅蚀量增加速率则取决于黏粒(0.002mm)、细粉粒(0.002~0.02mm)及吸湿性黏土矿物含量,二者综合作用使得溅蚀量增加幅度减小。(2)溅蚀过程中溅出土粒的粒径组成决定于供试土壤的颗粒组成,0.25mm颗粒含量高的土壤溅出土粒粒径分布均匀,而0.25mm颗粒含量低的土壤溅出土粒集中分布于粗粉粒、细砂粒粒级内。(3)通过溅出土粒实际与原始颗粒含量的比值可判断土壤颗粒溅出方式。供试土壤黏粒、细粉粒、粗粉粒(0.02~0.05mm)的实际与原始颗粒含量比值1,均以团粒形式溅出,不受土壤类别影响;而土、黑垆土砂粒的实际与原始颗粒含量的比值1,以团粒形式溅出;砂黄土、黄绵土土壤砂粒实际与原始颗粒含量比值≈1,以单粒形式溅出。
[Abstract]:Soil texture is an important factor of soil particle splash erosion and spatter way. Using four kinds of soils (soil, loessial soil, sandy loess, loess soil) in the Loess Plateau as experimental soils, the effects of loess soil quality on the amount of splash erosion and the composition of spattered soil particles were studied by simulated rainfall. The results show that the amount of splash erosion increases with the increase of rainfall duration. The amount of splash erosion at the beginning of rainfall depends on the content of loose particles on the soil surface and the uniformity of soil particles. The rate of spatter increase depends on the content of clay (0.002 mm), fine powder (0.002 卤0.02 mm) and hygroscopic clay. In the process of splash erosion, the particle size composition of the spattered soil depends on the particle composition of 0.25mm particles in the tested soil, and the particle size distribution of the soil spatter with high particle content is uniform. The spattered soil particles with low 0.25mm content were concentrated in coarse silt particles, and the spattering patterns of soil particles could be judged by the ratio of actual and original particle content of spattered soil particles. The ratio of soil clay, fine silt and coarse silt to original particle content 1 was splashed out in the form of aggregates, which was not affected by soil type, but the ratio of actual and original grain content of black loessial soil was 1, which was spattered out in the form of aggregates. The ratio of sand content to original grain content in sandy loess and loess soil is about 1, which is spattered out in the form of single grain.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室;华中农业大学资源与环境学院;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41471229;41271304) 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放资助项目(A314021402-1518)
【分类号】：S157.1
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本文编号：1818226