氮肥利用率的问题与改进

发布时间：2018-04-30 22:30

本文选题：氮肥利用率 + 土壤氮素养分　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年04期

【摘要】：传统差减法计算氮肥利用率变异较大,影响了氮肥利用率的应用,科学的氮肥利用率计算方法对氮肥的合理施用十分重要。本文概述了氮肥利用率50多年的研究过程,并划分为3个创新研究阶段,提出差减法计算氮肥利用率各个创新研究阶段的主要创新点。采用常规计算方法和定位试验研究资料计算了氮肥利用率,阐明常规计算方法计算的氮肥利用率结果存在的问题;归纳了氮肥利用率变异较大的主要原因:1)采用土壤氮素养分系统没有达到平衡或接近平衡的试验结果;2)常规计算方法仅考虑氮肥用量和作物吸收氮量,没有考虑土壤残留氮(或消耗土壤氮)。建立了2个氮肥利用率计算的新方法:1)土壤氮素养分系统平衡状态计算公式:氮肥利用率=(施肥作物吸收氮-报酬递减系数×对照作物吸收氮)/施肥氮;2)土壤氮素养分未达到平衡状态计算公式:氮肥利用率=(施肥作物吸收氮-报酬递减系数×对照作物吸收氮)/(施肥氮+施肥处理土壤氮素消耗量-对照处理土壤氮素消耗量)。
[Abstract]:The application of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is affected by the traditional difference subtraction method, and the scientific calculation method of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is very important to the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer. This paper summarized the research process of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency for more than 50 years, and divided it into three innovative research stages, and put forward the main innovation points of each innovation research stage of calculating nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency by differential subtraction method. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was calculated by using the conventional calculation method and the research data of the location test, and the problems in the results of the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate calculated by the conventional calculation method were clarified. The main reason for the greater variation of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was summarized. (1) the conventional calculation method only considered the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen absorbed by crops by using the test results that the soil nitrogen nutrient system did not reach equilibrium or close to equilibrium. Soil residual nitrogen (or consumption of soil nitrogen) is not considered. Two new methods for calculating nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were established: 1) calculation formula of equilibrium state of soil nitrogen nutrient system: nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio (N uptake by fertilizer crops 脳 decreasing coefficient of nitrogen return by fertilizer crops 脳 absorption of N ~ + N ~ + N ~ + _ 2 by controlled crops) The formula of nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio (N uptake by fertilizer crops 脳 decreasing coefficient of nitrogen uptake by control crops) (soil nitrogen consumption of fertilized nitrogen fertilizer treatment and soil nitrogen consumption of control treatment) was not reached.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院德州试验站;东营市农业局;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;
【基金】：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)
【分类号】：S143.1

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