北京山区小流域水土保持生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 06:40

本文选题：水土流失 + 指标　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水土流失是我国严重的生态环境问题之一,北京市山区面积占全市的62%,地貌和地质条件复杂,是水土流失的主要发生地,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害经常发生。水土流失作为一种类型的生态风险,直接影响着山区小流域的生态安全状况。本研究以北京山区为研究范围,以小流域为评价单元,考虑了水力侵蚀、崩塌、滑坡和泥石流四类风险,建立了北京山区小流域水土保持生态安全评价指标体系,提出了评价的方法和步骤,基于风险源和受体重要性两类指标构建了"PD加权复合评价模型”,并对北京山区小流域进行了评价,评价等级分布有如下特点：北京山区共计576条小流域,处于安全、较安全、一般、较危险、危险五个等级的比例分别为16.7%、22.0%、24.8%、22.6%、13.9%。等级为危险的小流域分布于房山区西部、门头沟区东部、密云县东部以及平谷区东部；等级为较危险的小流域分布于危险等级小流域的周边区域；等级为一般的小流域广泛分布于各个区县,尤以延庆县、怀柔区和密云县分布最多；等级为较安全和安全的小流域主要分布于整个山区西部以及怀柔区北部。针对水土流失和地质灾害两方面,对评价结果进行了验证,基本符合实际情况,说明模型的可靠性较高。本研究最后设计实现了水土保持生态安全评价系统,介绍了系统设计流程、基本功能模块和业务功能模块,该系统能够实现包括指标获取、指标分级、指数计算、评价分级和查询统计在内的整个评价流程。
[Abstract]:Soil and water loss is one of the serious ecological environmental problems in China. The mountainous area of Beijing occupies 622 of the whole city, the geomorphology and geological conditions are complex, and it is the main occurrence place of soil and water loss, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and so on. Soil erosion, as a kind of ecological risk, directly affects the ecological security of small watershed in mountainous area. Taking Beijing mountainous area as the research scope and small watershed as the evaluation unit, the evaluation index system of soil and water conservation ecological security in the small watershed of Beijing mountainous area was established by considering four kinds of risks, such as hydraulic erosion, collapse, landslide and debris flow. The methods and steps of evaluation are put forward, and the PD weighted composite evaluation model is constructed based on the risk source and receptor importance, and the small watershed in Beijing mountainous area is evaluated. The distribution of the evaluation grade is as follows: there are 576 small watersheds in the mountainous area of Beijing, which are safe, general, dangerous and dangerous. The proportion of the five grades is 16.70.22.00.24.8and 22.60.13.9. The small watershed with dangerous grade is distributed in the west of Fangshan area, the east of Mentougou area, the east of Miyun County and the eastern part of Pinggu area, and the dangerous small watershed is distributed in the peripheral area of the small watershed of dangerous grade. The small watersheds with general grade are widely distributed in all districts and counties, especially Yanqing County, Huairou District and Miyun County, while the safer and safer small watersheds are mainly distributed in the western part of mountainous area and the northern part of Huairou region. In view of soil erosion and geological hazards, the evaluation results are verified, which are basically in line with the actual situation, indicating that the reliability of the model is high. At the end of this study, the evaluation system of soil and water conservation ecological security is designed and realized, and the system design flow, basic function module and business function module are introduced. The system can realize index acquisition, index grading and index calculation. Evaluation grading and query statistics including the entire evaluation process.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157;X826

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