基于GIS的玉米变量施肥作业自动决策系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:33

本文选题：精准农业 + GIS　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：玉米变量施肥作业自动决策系统,是精准农业的关键环节。在精准农业发展的许多年来,世界各国都在努力研究与开发,为提高生产效率,完善并广泛使用玉米变量施肥作业自动决策系统是重要步骤。现今的精准农业以增加产量为主要目标,但要在增产的基础上保护环境,平衡土壤肥力至关重要。在本研究中,使用土壤网格采样法获取了位于吉林省长春市农安县合隆镇所要研究地块的土壤养分含量,并设计了基于GIS技术的玉米变量施肥自动决策系统,使用该系统完成地块边界测绘、划分网格区域、标记采样点以及制作变量施肥图;在2014-2017年期间实施了玉米变量施肥的田间运作的实验分析,并且同传统施肥地块进行对比研究发现,变量施肥技术在合理使用化肥施用量的条件下,可以起到既减少投入又提高产量的作用,很大程度上提高了玉米的产量。本文主要研究方向在于:(1)使用GPS设备对所要研究的田间地块测绘,获取地形边界图;通过玉米变量施肥作业自动决策系统将其自动划分成多个网格区域,在每个单元中心标记采样点并采样得到土壤养分含量报告,经过分析和处理,绘制变量施肥网格处方图,实现肥料的变量施用。(2)利用SMS Basic制图软件,并结合计算得到的最终肥料施用量制作变量施肥网格处方图,通过田间计算机控制变量施肥播种机实际作业,达到精准农业的科技化、现代化的要求。通过控制变量施肥控制机将肥料施用量的计算和变量施肥网格处方图的制作相结合,从而到达研究目的。田间试验得到的结果表明,基于GIS的玉米变量施肥自动决策系统与GIS的结合能够符合精准农业意义上的对玉米实现较少肥料、保证产量的要求。
[Abstract]:The automatic decision system of maize variable rate fertilization is the key link of precision agriculture. With the development of precision agriculture for many years, many countries all over the world are making great efforts to research and develop. In order to improve the production efficiency, perfect and widely use the automatic decision system of maize variable-rate fertilization is an important step. Today's precision agriculture aims at increasing yield, but it is important to balance soil fertility in order to protect the environment on the basis of increasing production. In this study, the soil nutrient content in Helong Town, Nong'an County, Changchun City, Jilin Province was obtained by using soil grid sampling method, and the automatic decision system of maize variable fertilization based on GIS technology was designed. The system was used to map the land boundary, divide the grid area, mark the sampling point and make the variable fertilizer map, and carried out the experimental analysis of the field operation of maize variable fertilizer during 2014-2017, Compared with the traditional fertilization plots, the variable rate fertilization technology can reduce the input and increase the yield under the condition of rational use of chemical fertilizer, and to a large extent, it can improve the yield of maize. The main research direction of this paper is to use GPS equipment to map the field plots to obtain the terrain boundary map, and to divide it into several grid areas automatically by the automatic decision system of maize variable fertilizer operation. Soil nutrient content report was obtained by sampling and sampling at the center of each unit. After analysis and treatment, the grid prescription map of variable-rate fertilization was drawn to realize the variable application of fertilizer. 2) SMS Basic mapping software was used. Combined with the final fertilizer application amount, the grid prescription map of variable rate fertilization was made, and the actual operation of variable rate fertilizer seeder was controlled by computer in the field to meet the requirements of scientific and technological development and modernization of precision agriculture. The calculation of fertilizer application amount and the making of grid prescription chart of variable rate fertilization were combined by controlling variable rate fertilization control machine, and the purpose of the research was achieved. The results of field experiments show that the combination of GIS based automatic decision system of variable rate fertilization and GIS can meet the requirements of precision agriculture to achieve less fertilizer for maize and ensure yield.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S127

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