生物质炭对设施菜地土壤养分及气态氮损失的影响

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:13

本文选题：竹炭 + 死猪炭　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着国家对农村产业结构的调整,农业发展迅速。在通过增施氮肥达到增产目的的同时,随之而来的环境问题也日益严重。过量施加氮肥带来了水体富营养化、土壤氨挥发以及N_2O排放等问题。生物质炭作为一种新型土壤改良剂,在合理施用下可以提高土壤养分,促进作物增产,同时可以降低土壤氨挥发和减少N_2O排放。本论文选取蔬菜大棚进行田间小区试验,以空心菜-小青菜轮作为主要研究对象,选取竹炭和死猪炭两种生物质炭作为土壤改良剂,研究不同施炭方式(一次性施用20 t·hm~(-2)、20 t·hm~(-2)均分两次施加)对设施蔬菜产量、植株全氮含量、土壤pH、无机氮等基本理化性质的影响。同时采用密闭室间歇式抽气法和静态箱-气相色谱法对轮作期间的土壤氨挥发和N_2O排放量进行了跟踪监测。以期为优化生物质炭的田间应用提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.与对照相比,一次性施用死猪炭处理显著提高了空心菜和小青菜土壤pH,而其他生物质炭处理对土壤pH无显著性影响。一次性施用和分批施用死猪炭处理显著(p0.05)提高了小青菜产量,而竹炭的两种处理却降低了第一茬空心菜产量。一次性施用死猪炭和竹炭处理仅显著(p0.05)提高了空心菜根系全氮含量,对小青菜季根系全氮含量无显著性影响,而分批施用死猪炭处理显著提高了小青菜根系全氮含量。死猪炭和竹炭的施用对土壤硝态氮含量、蔬菜地上部全氮含量均无显著性影响。2.与对照相比,一次性施用死猪炭处理下两季土壤氨挥发总量显著(p0.05)降低了50.61%;分批施用的竹炭和死猪炭仅显著(p0.05)降低了空心菜季土壤的氨挥发量,但对两季蔬菜的氨挥发总量无显著影响。一次性施用竹炭处理下两季蔬菜的N_2O排放总量相比较于对照显著(p0.05)降低了26.63%。两种生物质炭在降低土壤氨挥发和N_2O排放的过程中,一次性施用效果好于分批施用。综上所述,一次性施用的两种生物质炭比分两次施用能够更有效地提高作物产量和土壤pH值,并且降低土壤氨挥发损失和N_2O排放量。生物质炭的一次性施用方式在农业生产中更为经济和环保。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the adjustment of rural industrial structure, agriculture develops rapidly. At the same time, the environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has brought about eutrophication, ammonia volatilization and N _ 2O emission. As a new soil modifier, biomass carbon can increase soil nutrients, increase crop yield, reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission under reasonable application. In this paper, the vegetable greenhouse was selected for the field experiment, and the two kinds of biomass carbon, bamboo charcoal and dead pig charcoal, were chosen as the soil improver. The effects of different carbon application methods (20 t / h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) on vegetable yield, plant total nitrogen content, soil pH, inorganic nitrogen and other basic physical and chemical properties were studied in this paper. The effects of different carbon application (20 t / h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) on vegetable yield, plant total nitrogen content, soil pH, inorganic nitrogen and so on were studied. At the same time, the ammonia volatilization and N2O emission of soil during crop rotation were monitored by intermittent air extraction in closed chamber and static box-gas chromatography. In order to optimize the field application of biomass carbon to provide scientific basis. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the control, the soil pH was significantly increased by single application of dead pig charcoal, while the soil pH was not significantly affected by other biomass carbon treatments. Single application and batch application of dead pig charcoal significantly increased the yield of small green vegetables, while the two treatments of bamboo charcoal decreased the yield of the first batch of hollow vegetables. Single application of dead pig charcoal and bamboo charcoal only significantly increased the total nitrogen content of the root system, but had no significant effect on the total nitrogen content of the root system of small green vegetables, while the total nitrogen content of the root system of small green vegetables was significantly increased by applying dead pig charcoal in batches. The application of dead pig charcoal and bamboo charcoal had no significant effect on nitrate content in soil and total nitrogen content in aboveground part of vegetable. Compared with the control, the total amount of ammonia volatilization of soil decreased significantly (p 0.05) in the next two seasons by applying dead pig charcoal at one time, and the ammonia volatilization of the soil in the season was decreased by applying bamboo charcoal and dead pig charcoal in batches only significantly (p 0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the total ammonia volatilization of vegetables in two seasons. Compared with the control, the total N _ 2O emission of vegetables treated with bamboo charcoal was 26.63% lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). In the process of reducing soil ammonia volatilization and N _ 2O emission, the one-off application effect of two biomass carbon was better than that of batch application. To sum up, the two-time application of two biomass carbon can increase crop yield and soil pH more effectively, and reduce soil ammonia volatilization loss and N _ 2O emission. The one-off application of biomass carbon is more economical and environmentally friendly in agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S626;S158

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