基于GIS和RS的玛纳斯河流域土壤盐渍化敏感性动态评价

发布时间：2018-05-01 18:26

本文选题：GIS + RS　；参考：《土壤》2017年04期

【摘要】：土壤盐渍化是威胁干旱区土壤安全的重要敏感机制之一。本研究以土壤盐渍化形成机制的基础数据集为基础,运用RS和GIS技术对1989年、2000年和2015年的土壤盐渍化敏感性进行评价及动态分析。结果表明:(1)土壤盐渍化高敏感性主要分布在荒漠区和冲积洪积扇扇缘的泉水溢出带,极敏感性分布于玛纳斯湖周围和灌区的部分区域;(2)1989—2000年中度敏感转化为高度、轻度敏感的面积分别为3 342.10、1 910.27 km~2,高度敏感转化为中度、极敏感性的面积分别为1 076.64、1 098.33 km~2。2000—2015年中度敏感向轻度敏感转化了1 410.68 km~2,高敏感向中度敏感转化了2 713.74 km~2;(3)玛纳斯河流域冲积洪积扇扇缘区域和水库周围土壤盐渍化敏感性较高,应加强水资源管理和盐渍化治理;(4)1989-2015年中度敏感性和高度敏感性相互转化较为剧烈,中度敏感的变化呈"V"形,减少大于增加;高度敏感变化呈倒"V"形,减少大于增加,极敏感的面积加了1.9%。土壤盐渍化生态有所改善,冲积洪积扇扇缘盐渍化改善明显。本研究对区域土壤资源安全保护和持续高效利用有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is one of the important sensitive mechanisms threatening soil security in arid areas. Based on the basic data set of the formation mechanism of soil salinization, the sensitivity of soil salinization in 1989, 2000 and 2015 was evaluated and dynamically analyzed by RS and GIS techniques. The results show that the high sensitivity of soil salinization is mainly distributed in the spring spillage zone of desert area and alluvial fan margin, and the extremely sensitive zone distributes in the area around Manas Lake and some parts of irrigated area from 1989 to 2000. The area of mild sensitivity was 3 342.10 ~ 1 910.27 km ~ (-2), and the high sensitivity was converted to moderate. The area of extreme sensitivity was 1 410.68 km / m of moderate sensitivity to light sensitivity in 098.33 km~2.2000-2015 and 2 713.74 km2 / 2 / 3 of high sensitivity to moderate sensitivity respectively. The sensitivity of salinization in alluvial fan margin area and reservoir was higher in Manas River Basin. Water resources management and salinization management should be strengthened. The transformation between moderate sensitivity and high sensitivity is more intense in 1989-2015. The change of medium sensitivity is "V", the decrease is greater than the increase, and the change of high sensitivity is inversely "V", and the decrease is greater than the increase, The most sensitive area has been added 1.9 meters. Soil salinization ecology was improved and alluvial fan margin salinization was obviously improved. This study is of great significance to regional soil resources safety protection and sustainable and efficient utilization.
【作者单位】：石河子大学理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41361073)资助
【分类号】：S127;S156.41

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