轮套作对马铃薯根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:04

本文选题：马铃薯 + 大豆　；参考：《灌溉排水学报》2016年09期

【摘要】：为了探索不同种植模式群体生态特性的差异,于2013 2014年研究了大田条件下马铃薯和大豆套作和轮作对作物土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和病情指数的影响。结果表明,马铃薯根际与非根际土壤中,套作土壤微生物总数分别比单作增加了14.0%~20.5%和24.3%~38.6%,轮作比单作增加了13.8%和45%,差异显著;套作土壤的细菌数量分别比单作增加了8.6%~43.7%和20.7%~24.5%,差异显著;套作土壤的真菌数量较单作分别降低了34.0%~40.6%和13.1%~28.0%,差异显著;套作和单作处理马铃薯土壤的放线菌数量无明显变化规律。马铃薯根际土壤中,与单作相比,套作土壤蔗糖酶活性显著提高,脲酶活性显著降低,土壤过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性无显著差异。马铃薯轮套作显著降低了作物土传病害的病情指数,显著提高了马铃薯品质。因此,套作或轮作均能改善土壤微生态环境,减缓连作障碍,但薯豆套作系统更优于薯豆轮作系统。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the different ecological characteristics of different cropping patterns, the effects of potato and soybean intercropping and rotation on soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity and disease index were studied in 2013 ~ 2014. The results showed that in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of potato, the total number of microbes in intercropping soil increased by 14.0% and 24.38.6% than that in single cropping, and rotation increased 13.8% and 45%, respectively, and the difference was significant. The number of bacteria in intercropping soil increased by 8.6% and 20.7%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between them, and the number of fungi in intercropping soil decreased by 34.0% and 13.1C 28.0, respectively, and there was no significant change in the number of actinomycetes in potato soil treated by intercropping and monoculture. In rhizosphere soil of potato, sucrase activity and urease activity in intercropping soil increased significantly, but catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in soil had no significant difference. Potato rotation significantly reduced the disease index and improved the quality of potato. Therefore, intercropping or rotation can improve the soil microecological environment and slow down the continuous cropping obstacles, but the potato and bean intercropping system is better than the potato soybean rotation system.
【作者单位】：甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所甘肃省水资源高效利用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41161042) 国家科技支持计划项目(2012BAD05B03) 甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目(2014GAAS13) 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金课题(GSCS-2012-13)
【分类号】：S154;S344

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