利用固体废弃物制备人工土壤的可行性研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 14:29

本文选题：有机固废 + 无机固废　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会生产与生活所产生的大量有机与无机固体废弃物的处理与处置方式涉及到人们的生活环境与资源的循环利用,因此在对其有关性质进行了解的基础上加以科学合理的利用,是一项很有意义和应用前景的工作。本研究主要围绕本地区的产生量大且具有一定代表性的有机和无机固废开展工作,探讨利用它们制备人工土壤的可能性,并了解在此过程中一些重要参数的变化,为进一步将该技术应用于生产实际提供参考。根据就地取材以及是否经济的原则,试验选取了本地区产生量较大的有机固废生活污泥、牛粪、蚯蚓粪和无机固废粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、钢渣、煤矸石作为试验原料,进行配制生产人工土壤的试验。其中有机固废以生活污泥、牛粪和蚓粪为主,辅以菌菇渣；无机固废已粉煤灰为主,辅以脱硫石膏、钢渣和煤矸石。有机物与无机物的重量比分别为1：1、1：2、1：3,因此共设9个处理。通过恒温恒湿培养后,对终产物人工土壤的物理、化学、生物学性质加以测定。试验获得了以下主要结果：(1)试验结果表明,按不同材料和不同比例配制形成的9个人工土壤中,水稳性团聚体的含量多数已达到自然土壤中水稳性团聚体的含量范围,证实了本试验所确定的同废种类、混合比例及培养方式可以赋予产物人工土壤类似于自然土壤的基本物理性质。(2)有机固废在培养过程中的转化会影响产物的pH,因此采用一般的pH值临界法所预测的理论pH值与实测值相差较大。本试验采用在同种有机组分处理内部仅考虑一种主要有机固废(生活污泥、或牛粪、或蚓粪)和无机固废中粉煤灰的pH值,再通过pH临界值法进行计算,所得到的预测值与实测值更为相近。所有处理经培养后制备的人工土壤,其酸碱性基本符合植物生长需求。(3)在人工土壤的制备过程中,加入的有机碳会发生降解,导致有机碳含量大大减少,因此在配制时有机组分应占较大比例。本试验表明,在有机固废与无机固废比例为1：3时,采用污泥和蚓粪处理所得到的人工土壤中,有机质的残留量已降到6%以下,接近较肥沃自然土壤中有机碳的含量。因此,在以这两种有机固废为主制备人工土壤时,不应该再继续加大原料配比中的无机固废所占的比例。(4)就土壤中最重要的氮素营养而言,三种有机固废处理中,由于污泥和蚓粪处理的碳／氮比相对较小,因此培养过程中有机氮的矿化作用较强,使无机氮增加较多,且铵态氮向硝态氮的转化明显。而牛粪处理的碳／氮比较大,虽然有机氮的矿化作用也很强,但释放的铵态氮被氧化成硝态氮后,又被微生物大量利用,因此在以牛粪为主制备的人工土壤上,无机氮的总含量明显较低。(5)本试验所采用的固废原材料中,重金属含量均没有超过国家允许的固废农用标准,因此可以用来制备人工土壤。对9个制成的人工土壤所进行的生物毒性试验表明,它们都不具有生物毒性,说明本试验采用的材料和方法所制备的人工土壤具有环境安全性和生物安全性。(6)基于上述结果可以初步确定,利用本地区现有的这些固体废弃物制备人工土壤是可行的。采用本试验方法处理固废,既减少了固废随意堆放后对环境的污染,制备的人工土壤还可以解决一些苗圃产业园区土壤资源短缺的矛盾,同时可获得一定的经济效益,促进社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The treatment and disposal of a large number of organic and inorganic solid waste produced by the production and life of modern society involves the recycling of people's living environment and resources. Therefore, it is a very intentional and application prospect on the basis of understanding the relevant nature of the organic and inorganic solid waste. A large and representative organic and inorganic solid waste has been developed around this area to explore the possibility of using them to prepare artificial soil, and to understand the changes in some important parameters in this process, to provide reference for further application of the technology to production practice. The organic solid waste sewage sludge, cow dung, earthworm feces and inorganic solid waste fly ash, desulphurization gypsum, steel slag and coal gangue as experimental raw materials, were selected as the experimental raw materials, and the organic solid wastes were mainly used as living sludge, cow dung and vermis dung supplemented with mushroom residue, inorganic solid waste and fly ash, supplemented by inorganic solid waste. The weight ratio of organic matter and inorganic substance is 1:1,1:2,1:3, respectively, with the weight ratio of organic matter and inorganic substance, respectively. Therefore, 9 treatments are set up. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the artificial soil of the final products are measured by constant temperature and constant humidity culture. The experiment results have obtained the following main results: (1) the test results show that different materials and different results have been shown. In the 9 artificial soil formed by proportions, the content of water stable aggregate has reached the content range of water stable aggregates in natural soil. It is proved that the same waste species, mixing proportion and culture mode determined by this experiment can give the basic physical properties of artificial soil similar to natural soil. (2) organic solid waste in culture. The transformation in the process will affect the pH of the product, so the theoretical pH value predicted by the general pH value critical method is quite different from the measured value. In this experiment, the pH values of the main organic solid waste (living sludge, or cow dung, or vermis manure) and the fly ash in the non machine solid waste are considered in the same type of unit treatment, and then by the pH critical value method. The calculated value is similar to the measured value. The acidity and alkalinity of all treated artificial soil prepared after cultivation are basically in line with the plant growth demand. (3) the organic carbon will degrade in the process of artificial soil preparation, and the organic carbon content is greatly reduced, so there should be a large proportion of the unit in the preparation. The experiment shows that the residual amount of organic matter has fallen to less than 6% when the ratio of organic solid waste and inorganic solid waste is 1:3, the residual amount of organic matter has been reduced to less than 6% in the artificial soil treated with sludge and vermis manure. Therefore, it should not continue to increase the raw material in the preparation of artificial soil with these two kinds of organic solid wastes. The proportion of inorganic solid waste in the ratio. (4) in terms of the most important nitrogen nutrition in the soil, in the three organic solid waste treatment, the ratio of carbon / nitrogen in the treatment of sludge and earthworm excrement is relatively small, so the mineralization of organic nitrogen is stronger in the process of culture, and the inorganic nitrogen is increased more, and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is obvious. The carbon / nitrogen is relatively large, although the mineralization of organic nitrogen is very strong, but the released ammonium nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen and is used by microbes. Therefore, the total content of inorganic nitrogen is lower in the artificial soil prepared mainly by cow dung. (5) there is no more heavy metal content in the solid waste raw materials used in this experiment. The farm standard allowed by the family can be used to produce artificial soil. The biotoxicity test of 9 artificial soils shows that they are not biotoxic, indicating the environmental safety and biological safety of the artificial soil prepared by the materials and methods used in this experiment. (6) based on the above results, the results can be found. It is feasible to make use of the existing solid waste in the local area to prepare artificial soil. This method can not only reduce the pollution of the solid waste, but also reduce the pollution of the environment after the solid waste stacking. The artificial soil prepared can also solve the shortage of soil resources in some nursery industrial parks, and can also obtain certain economic benefits. Promote the sustainable development of society.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S15;X705

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