不同农业耕作措施下坡耕地填洼量特征与变化

发布时间：2018-05-04 03:09

本文选题：土壤水分 + 侵蚀　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：洼地蓄水是坡耕地重要的水文要素,由于它与坡耕地产流、土壤入渗能力有关,故也是坡面水土流失研究的重要对象之一。为了进一步认识坡耕地洼地蓄水作用,该研究通过人工模拟降雨试验方法,对3种常用农业耕作措施(人工锄耕、人工掏挖、等高耕作)条件下地表填洼量特征与变化进行了深入研究,以平整坡面为对照措施。研究结果表明,实施农业耕作措施的粗糙坡面平均填洼量较平整坡面提高4~13倍,洼地蓄水量依次为等高耕作人工掏挖人工锄耕平整坡面;坡度对填洼量具有重要影响,洼地蓄水量随着坡度的变化可以用幂函数关系表达(R~20.70)。对于粗糙坡面,当坡度从15°增大到25°过程中,洼地蓄水量逐渐趋于稳定,受坡度的影响变小;在耕作坡面上,由于降雨侵蚀造成地表微地形变化,地表糙度减小,洼地蓄水量减小,地表填洼量变化可以通过地表糙度变化进行计算。
[Abstract]:Low land water storage is an important hydrological element of sloping farmland. Because it is related to runoff production and infiltration capacity of sloping land, it is also one of the important objects of soil erosion research on sloping land. In order to further understand the role of water storage in sloping land depression, three kinds of commonly used agricultural tillage measures (manual hoe, manual digging) were studied by artificial simulated rainfall test method. The characteristics and changes of surface filling under the condition of equal height tillage were studied, and the leveling slope was taken as the control measure. The results show that the average filling capacity of rough slope is increased by 4 ~ 13 times than that of smooth slope, and the water storage of the depression is in order of equal height tillage and manual hoeing, and the slope has an important effect on the filling capacity. The relation of power function can be used to express the water storage in the lowland with the change of slope. For the rough slope, when the slope is increased from 15 掳to 25 掳, the water storage in the depression tends to be stable, which is influenced by the slope, and on the tilling slope, the surface roughness decreases due to the change of surface topography caused by rainfall erosion. The variation of surface filling can be calculated by the change of surface roughness.
【作者单位】：贵州大学林学院;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41601293) 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2016]1027;黔科合[2016]支撑2835号) 贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2016]114)
【分类号】：S157

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