南方典型土壤坡面产流产沙过程对PAM的响应

发布时间：2018-05-04 06:22

本文选题：南方红壤区 + 人工模拟　；参考：《农业机械学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：采用室外人工模拟降雨试验方式,系统对比研究了2种聚丙烯酰胺(Polyacrylamide,PAM)配比方案(2 g/m~2和10 g/m~2,分别用PAM1200-2和PAM1200-10表示)在140 mm/h短时强降雨条件下对坡度为10°的南方红壤区4种不同典型岩性发育土壤坡面的产流、产沙过程的影响机制。结果表明:各坡面总产流量、单位采样时段径流系数、累积单位采样时段径流系数均有显著提升(p0.01),径流提升率由大到小依次为:第四纪红壤坡面、红砂岩红壤坡面、紫色土坡面、花岗岩红壤坡面;除花岗岩红壤坡面外,PAM1200-10的径流提升率均大于PAM1200-2,坡面产生稳流的时间由短到长依次为:第四纪红壤坡面(12 min)、红砂岩红壤坡面(15 min)、花岗岩红壤坡面(24 min)和紫色土坡面(24 min),2种PAM配比在提升坡面产流方面,无显著性差异;各坡面的总产沙量、单位采样时段泥沙质量浓度、单位采样时段泥沙量均显著降低(p0.01),2种PAM配比方式均以第四纪红壤坡面减沙率最为显著,其余不同配比的坡面减沙率略有不同,除紫色土坡面,PAM1200-10的减沙率均大于PAM1200-2;其中PAM1200-2的减沙率波动性较大,除紫色土坡面外,PAM1200-10配比的减沙率均较为平稳,在花岗岩红壤坡面,PAM1200-10与PAM1200-2相比,减沙成效显著(p0.01)。
[Abstract]:Using outdoor artificial rainfall simulation test, Two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM) ratio schemes 2 g/m~2 and 10 g / mm2, expressed by PAM1200-2 and PAM1200-10, were used to study the runoff generation of four typical lithologic soils in the southern red soil region with a slope of 10 掳under the condition of short and intense rainfall of 140 mm/h. The influence mechanism of sediment yield process. The results show that the total runoff, runoff coefficient per unit sampling period and cumulative runoff coefficient of each slope are significantly increased by p0.01g, and the runoff lifting rate is in the order of Quaternary red soil slope, red sandstone red soil slope, and red sandstone red soil slope, the order of runoff lifting rate is: Quaternary red soil slope, red sandstone red soil slope. Purple soil slope, granite red soil slope; The runoff lift rate of PAM1200-10 was higher than that of PAM1200-2 except for granite red soil slope. The time of stable flow on the slope was 12 mins for Quaternary red soil slope, 15 mins for red sandstone red soil slope, 24 min for granite red soil slope) and purple soil slope surface. In the aspect of improving runoff production on slope land, two kinds of PAM ratios were used in 24 mins. There was no significant difference in total sediment yield, sediment concentration per unit sampling period, sediment concentration per unit sampling period and sediment concentration per unit sampling period. The two PAM ratios were significantly decreased in the Quaternary red soil slope, and the sediment reduction rate was the most significant in the Quaternary red soil slope. The sediment reduction rate of the other slopes with different proportions was slightly different, and the sediment reduction rate of PAM1200-10 was higher than that of PAM1200-10, and the sediment reduction rate of PAM1200-10 was more stable than that of PAM1200-10 except on purple soil slope, and the sediment reduction rate of PAM1200-10 was higher than that of PAM1200-10. Compared with PAM1200-2 on granite red soil slope, PAM1200-10 has significant effect on sediment reduction.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学林学院;江西省水土保持科学研究院;江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室;泰和县水土保持站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461058) 江西省科技成果重点转移转化项目(20132BBI90025) 水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501047) 江西省水利重大科技项目(KT201616、KT201518)
【分类号】：S157.1

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