不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响

发布时间：2018-05-05 00:21

本文选题：秸秆生物炭 + 辣椒疫病　；参考：《土壤学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：采用盆栽试验研究了不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响,并解析生物炭用量、土壤性状与防控效果之间的关系。结果表明,随着生物炭用量的增加,土壤pH和有机质含量逐步上升,电导率、有效磷和速效钾含量迅速上升,而铵态氮和硝态氮含量变化较小。细菌、真菌及四种功能菌数量随着用量的增加而逐步增加,但辣椒疫霉数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。土壤酶活性方面,脲酶和β-葡糖苷酶逐步降低,FDA酶和蔗糖酶则先上升后下降。微生物代谢能力、微生物多样性及微生物均匀度均与用量呈倒U型曲线关系,在1.33%用量下获得最高值。DGGE图谱显示,低用量生物炭对微生物区系影响较小,而1.33%和2%用量则能显著改变微生物群落结构。0.33%、0.66%、1.33%和2%用量的防效分别为-9.8%、8.6%、56.7%和35.1%,与用量也呈倒U型曲线关系,1.33%生物炭用量对辣椒疫病的防效最好。一定范围内防效随生物炭用量的增加而增加,这可能是因为生物炭对土壤性状的改善作用,而随后防效下降,则与高用量生物炭对土壤性状产生的负面影响有关。
[Abstract]:Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw biochar on the control and control of pepper blight, and to analyze the relationship among the amount of biochar, soil character and control effect. The results showed that the pH and organic matter content of soil increased gradually with the increase of biochar amount, the electrical conductivity, available phosphorus and available potassium content increased rapidly, but the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen changed little. The number of bacteria, fungi and four functional fungi increased gradually with the increase of dosage, but the number of Phytophthora capsici increased first and then decreased. In soil enzyme activity, urease and 尾-glucosidase decreased gradually, while FDAase and sucrase increased first and then decreased. The relationship between microbial metabolism ability, microbial diversity and microbial evenness was inversely U-shaped. The maximum value. DGGE atlas obtained at 1.33% dosage showed that low amount of biochar had little effect on microbial flora. However, 1.33% and 2% dosage could significantly change the structure of microbial community .0.33% and 2% respectively. The control effects of 1.33% and 2% were -9.8% and 3.51%, respectively. The control effect of 1.33% biochar on pepper blight was the best. In a certain range, the control effect increased with the increase of the amount of biochar, which may be due to the improvement of biochar on soil characters, but then the decrease of control effect was related to the negative effect of high amount of biochar on soil characters.
【作者单位】：江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所;农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站;江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31471949) 农业部公益性行业专项(201303023) 江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014343)共同资助~~
【分类号】：S436.418;S141

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