施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果

发布时间：2018-05-05 01:28

本文选题：生物炭 + 土壤养分　；参考：《草业学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：探究施用生物炭对紫色土和黄壤的养分含量、酶活性、微生物数量、pH和作物生长状况的影响,为西南地区紫色土和黄壤的改良提供理论依据和现实指导。以紫色土和黄壤为研究对象,分别添加质量分数0(CK)、0.8%(CT1)、2.0%(CT2)和4.0%(CT3)的稻壳生物炭,通过180 d温室油菜盆栽试验,测定土壤性质、土壤微生物数量、酶活性及植株生物量。结果表明,生物炭显著改善了两种土壤的性状,且CT3效果最佳。添加生物炭后CT3黄壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别是CK的1.3、1.2、4.0、1.1、0.9、33.1和18.0倍,而紫色土中则分别是CK的1.4、1.0、1.5、1.1、0.9、3.8和6.0倍;CT3显著提高了土壤pH值,黄壤和紫色土分别提高了1.5和0.9个单位。生物炭显著增加了两种土壤细菌、放线菌的数量,促进了紫色土真菌数量增长,CT3黄壤的细菌、放线菌数量分别较CK增加了677%、395%;CT3紫色土的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量较CK分别提高了20%、88%、82%。CT3紫色土的蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别较CK提高了106%和30%,对脲酶活性无显著影响;黄壤脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性较CK平均分别提高约150%和130%,但蔗糖酶活性平均降低了约40%。CT1对油菜的株高和生物量均有促进作用,黄壤中分别增加了4.6和11.4倍,紫色土中分别增加了17%和8%,而其他处理均表现为抑制作用。施用适宜比例的稻壳生物炭可以改良紫色土和黄壤的酸度,提高土壤养分含量,改变微生物数量并改善作物生长状况,可作为紫色土和黄壤的改良剂。
[Abstract]:The effects of biological charcoal on nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial quantity, pH and crop growth status in purple soil and yellow soil were investigated to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of purple soil and yellow soil in Southwest China. With purple soil and yellow soil, 0 (CK), 0.8% (CT1), 2% (CT2) and 4% (CT3) rice were added to the purple soil and yellow soil. The soil properties, soil microbial quantity, enzyme activity and plant biomass were measured by 180 d greenhouse rape pot experiments. The results showed that biological charcoal significantly improved two kinds of soil properties, and the effect of CT3 was the best. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content in CT3 yellow soil after adding biological carbon was added. Don't be CK 1.3,1.2,4.0,1.1,0.9,33.1 and 18 times, while purple soil is CK 1.4,1.0,1.5,1.1,0.9,3.8 and 6 times, CT3 significantly increases soil pH value, yellow soil and purple soil increased 1.5 and 0.9 units respectively. Biological carbon significantly increased two soil bacteria, the number of actinomycetes, the increase in the number of purple soil fungi, CT3 yellow Soil bacteria, actinomycetes increased by 677%, 395%, respectively, and CT3 purple soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi increased by 20%, 88%, 88%, 82%.CT3 purple soil sucrase and catalase activity increased by 106% and 30%, respectively, to urease activity, respectively; urease activity and catalase activity of yellow soil were more than that of CK, and the activity of urease and catalase were more than that of CK. The activity of sucrase increased by about 150% and 130% respectively, but the activity of sucrase decreased by about 40%.CT1 and increased by 4.6 and 11.4 times in yellow soil respectively, and 17% and 8% in purple soil respectively, while other treatments were inhibited. The suitable proportion of rice husk could improve purple soil and yellow soil. Acidity, improving soil nutrient content, changing microorganism quantity and improving crop growth condition can be used as an amendment to purple soil and yellow soil.

【作者单位】：西南大学资源环境学院;中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院;
【基金】：科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB2F100396) 西南大学博士基金项目(SWU113018) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XDJK2012C035)资助
【分类号】：S156.2

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