连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜生长的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:55

本文选题：黄瓜 + 连作　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：设施蔬菜生产因其高产、高效等优点而得到广泛的应用。与此同时,农民受到种植习惯以及对效益追求的影响,作物种植种类较单一,但随着种植年限的延长,连作障碍现象已严重制约了蔬菜产业的可持续发展。目前,土壤微生物被认为是连作障碍的主要影响因子。前人研究发现,连作及轮作种植模式改变了土壤微生物群落结构与丰度,且在轮作种植模式下提高了作物产量。但连作及轮作种植模式下不同微生物菌群对作物生长的反馈作用尚不清楚。为此,本试验在已有研究的基础上,研究了连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜生长的反馈作用,利用Miseq测序技术研究了连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜土壤细菌、真菌菌群群落结构的影响,利用q PCR技术分析了连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜土壤中的功能微生物菌群假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌的菌群丰度。探讨土壤微生物菌群的变化是否在黄瓜幼苗生长中起作用。所得主要结果如下:(1)与连作土壤相比,轮作土壤细菌提高了酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、鞘脂杆菌纲、鞘脂杆菌目、黏球菌目、假单胞菌目、假单胞菌科、假单胞菌属的丰度,降低了放线菌门、放线菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、梭菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、梭菌科、链霉菌属的丰度。与连作土壤相比,轮作土壤真菌降低了子囊菌门、座囊菌纲、粪壳菌纲、煤炱目、肉座菌目、粪壳菌目的丰度,提高了盘菌纲、盘菌目、散囊菌纲、伞菌目、粪锈伞科的丰度。(2)土壤灭菌试验结果表明,轮作与连作中黄瓜幼苗的全株、地上部、地下部鲜干重、总叶面积和总叶绿素含量产生差异的量大于灭菌轮作与灭菌连作产生差异的量。说明轮作与连作土壤中影响黄瓜生长的主要因素是土壤微生物。(3)植物-土壤反馈试验结果表明,取样各个时期,接种轮作及连作土壤处理的黄瓜幼苗全株、地上部、地下部鲜干重、土壤脱氢酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶活性均高于接种灭菌连作及轮作土壤处理,10 d时,接种轮作土壤处理的黄瓜幼苗全株、地上部鲜干重、土壤蔗糖酶活性均高于接种连作土壤处理,说明在黄瓜生长前期连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群促进了黄瓜生长,表现为正反馈作用,且轮作土壤微生物菌群正反馈作用大于连作土壤微生物菌群。(4)qPCR结果表明,接种连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群后,黄瓜土壤的细菌、真菌、假单胞菌及芽孢杆菌的数量均发生了显著变化。接种连作及轮作土壤处理增加了土壤中细菌、真菌、假单胞菌及芽孢杆菌的数量,处理后的各时期,与接种连作土壤相比,接种轮作土壤处理的假单胞菌数量高于接种连作土壤处理。接种轮作土壤处理的真菌数量低于接种连作土壤处理。说明采用连作及轮作种植模式后,不同的土壤微生物菌群均可以提高黄瓜根际的菌群数量,且轮作土壤微生物菌群对土壤假单胞菌及土壤真菌数量的影响程度大于连作土壤微生物菌群。(5)Miseq测序结果表明,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群改变了黄瓜土壤细菌和真菌群落结构,与接种连作土壤处理相比,接种轮作土壤处理中细菌提高了放线菌门、绿弯菌门、变形菌门、放线菌纲、α-变形菌纲、根瘤菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目、假单胞菌目、鞘脂单胞菌科、假单胞菌科、鞘脂单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、链霉菌属的丰度,降低了拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、鞘脂杆菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、鞘脂杆菌目、黏球菌目的丰度。接种轮作处理中真菌提高了座囊菌纲、散囊菌纲的丰度,降低了粪壳菌纲、粪壳菌目的丰度。(6)添加杀菌剂试验结果表明,轮作土壤中分别添加杀真菌剂与杀细菌剂处理均降低了黄瓜幼苗的全株、地上和地下鲜干重。连作土壤中分别添加杀真菌剂与杀细菌剂处理对黄瓜的生长无影响。说明轮作土壤中消除真菌群落与消除细菌群落均对黄瓜生长产生抑制作用,而连作土壤中消除真菌群落与消除细菌群落对黄瓜生长无影响。(7)接种AMF与腐生菌试验结果表明,连作土壤中的AMF和腐生菌添加于连作土壤中均降低了黄瓜幼苗的全株、地上、地下鲜干重,轮作土壤中的AMF和腐生菌添加于轮作土壤中均降低了黄瓜幼苗的全株鲜重、地下鲜重、地下干重。但其降低幅度均为连作大于轮作。说明接种连作及轮作土壤AMF及腐生菌均对黄瓜生长产生负反馈作用。且连作土壤中AMF及腐生菌负反馈作用大于轮作土壤中AMF及腐生菌。综上所述,生长前期,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长均产生了正反馈作用,并且轮作土壤微生物菌群正反馈作用显著大于连作土壤微生物菌群。生长后期,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜生长无影响。轮作土壤中单一细菌与真菌菌群对黄瓜生长产生抑制作用,连作及轮作土壤中单一有益与有害微生物菌群对黄瓜生长产生负反馈作用,并且连作大于轮作。
[Abstract]:Vegetable production has been widely used for its advantages of high yield and high efficiency. At the same time, farmers are affected by planting habits and benefit pursuit, and crop species are relatively single. However, with the prolongation of planting years, continuous cropping barriers have seriously restricted the sustainable development of vegetable production. At present, soil microbes are considered to be Previous studies have found that continuous cropping and cropping patterns have changed soil microbial community structure and abundance, and increased crop yield under cropping pattern. However, the feedback effect of different microbial communities on crop growth under continuous cropping and cropping patterns is not clear. On the basis of the study, the feedback effect of continuous cropping and rotation soil microbial flora on cucumber growth was studied. The effects of continuous cropping and soil microbial flora on the community structure of cucumber soil bacteria and fungi were studied by Miseq sequencing technology, and Q PCR technique was used to analyze the microbial flora of continuous cropping and rotation soil in cucumber soil. The main results were as follows: (1) compared with the continuous cropping soil, the soil bacteria in the cropping soil improved the acid bacilli gate, the bacteriobacteria, the phylla phylla, the delta strain, the sphingobacteria. The abundances of sphingomyelines, clones, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, and Pseudomonas, reducing the abundance of actinomycetes, actinomycetes, gamma deforminae, alpha deformyomycetes, Clostridium, butinomonas, clostridiaceae, and Streptomyces. Compared with continuous soil soil, rotten soil fungi reduced actinomycetes, cysts, and fecal bacteria. (2) the results of soil sterilization test showed that the whole plant of the cucumber seedlings in the rotation and continuous cropping, the upper part of the ground, the fresh dry weight in the underground, the amount of total leaf area and total chlorophyll content was greater than that of the sterilization rotation. The main factors affecting the growth of Cucumber in rotation and continuous cropping soil were soil microorganism. (3) the results of plant soil feedback test showed that the whole plant of the cucumber seedlings, on the top of the ground, the lower dry weight in the lower part of the ground, the soil dehydrogenase, sucrase, neutral phosphatase, were tested by the plant soil feedback test. The activity of urease was higher than that of inoculation and soil treatment. At 10 d, the whole plant of cucumber seedlings treated with soil treatment was fresh and dry, and the activity of sucrase in soil was higher than that of soil treated with inoculated continuous cropping. It showed that continuous cropping and soil microorganism in rotation of Cucumber promoted cucumber growth at the early stage of growth and showed positive feedback. The positive feedback effect of soil microbial flora in rotation was greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. (4) qPCR results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi, Pseudomonas and Bacillus in cucumber soil changed significantly after inoculation and soil microbial flora. The inoculation and rotation soil treatment increased the bacteria and fungi in the soil. The number of Pseudomonas and bacillus, and the period after treatment, the number of Pseudomonas sp. inoculated soil treatment was higher than that of inoculated continuous cropping soil. The number of fungi inoculated in soil treatment was lower than that of continuous cropping soil treatment. The number of bacteria groups in the rhizosphere of cucumber could be improved, and the effect of soil microbial flora on the number of soil Pseudomonas and soil fungi was greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. (5) Miseq sequencing results showed that continuous cropping and soil microbial flora changed the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in cucumber soil, and inoculated with inoculation. Compared with the soil treatment, the bacteria in the inoculated soil treatment increased the actinomycetes, green bending bacteria gate, deformable bacteria gate, actinomycetes, alpha deforminia, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces Monomonas, sphingomyelin, budomonas, delta strain, sphingomyelis, sphingomyelines, and neococcus abundances. The fungi in the rotation treatment improved the abundances of the cysts, the abundances of the cysts and the abundances of the faeciocis and the faeciocis. (6) the results of adding fungicides to the soil were added with fungicides and fines respectively. The effect of fungicides and bactericides on the growth of cucumber was not affected by the addition of fungicides and bactericides in continuous cropping soil. The bacterial community had no effect on the growth of cucumber. (7) the results of inoculation AMF and saprophytic bacteria showed that AMF and saprophytic bacteria in continuous cropping soil reduced the whole plant of cucumber seedlings, on the ground and in the ground fresh dry weight. The fresh weight of cucumber seedlings was reduced by the addition of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in the rotten soil to the soil. Fresh weight and dry weight under the ground, but the decreasing amplitude of continuous cropping is greater than that of rotation. It is indicated that the continuous cropping and soil AMF and saprophytic bacteria have negative feedback effect on cucumber growth. The negative feedback effect of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in continuous cropping soil is greater than that of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in the soil of rotation. The group has positive feedback effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings, and the positive feedback effect of soil microbial flora is significantly greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. The single beneficial and harmful microbial flora produced negative feedback effect on cucumber growth, and continuous cropping was greater than rotation.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S642.2;S154.3

【参考文献】