增温及秸秆施用对农田土壤呼吸及酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 11:26

本文选题：增温 + 秸秆施用　；参考：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究增温及秸秆施用对农田土壤呼吸及酶活性的影响,在田间进行冬小麦-大豆轮作生长季随机区组试验。设置对照(CK)、增温(W)、秸秆施用(S)、增温及秸秆施用(WS) 4个处理,每个处理设置3个重复。试验中试验田各区组的土壤呼吸速率,采用LI-8100 土壤碳通量自动测量系统测定,同时利用该系统测定各小区土壤温度和土壤湿度。另外,在作物不同的生育期,测定各个小区的脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶。试验结果分析表明,在2014～2015轮作年和2015～2016轮作年,不同处理的农田土壤呼吸速率的季节变异基本趋于一致,其季节变异与土壤温度的变异具有一致性。在2014～2015年冬小麦-大豆轮作生长季,对照(CK)、增温(W)、秸秆施用(S)、增温及秸秆施用(WS)处理的平均土壤呼吸速率分别1.71±0.03、2.47±0.04、2.20±0.05、2.95±0.01μmol·(m2·s)-1。方差分析表明,W、S 和 WS 处理的土壤呼吸与对照均存在显著差异(p 0.05),增温、秸秆施用和增温及秸秆施用处理的土壤呼吸速率均高于对照处理。在2015～2016年冬小麦-大豆轮作生长季,对照(CK)、增温(W)、秸秆施用(S)、增温及秸秆施用(WS)处理的平均土壤呼吸速率分别2.03±0.06、2.76±0.04、2.88±0.03、3.24±0.03μmol·(m2·s)-1。方差分析表明,W、S 和 WS 处理的土壤呼吸与对照均存在显著差异(p 0.05)。2015～2016冬小麦-大豆轮作年不同处理下土壤呼吸速率的变异规律与2014～2015轮作年一致,增温、秸秆施用和增温及秸秆施用处理均提高了农田土壤呼吸作用。同时,土壤温度是影响两个轮作年农田土壤呼吸速率的季节变异的重要因素,两者之间的关系可用指数回归方程解释。在2014～2015年冬小麦生长季的拔节期,增温和秸秆施用均提高了转化酶活性,各处理过氧化氢酶与对照无显著差异(p 0.05);在孕穗期,各处理的脲酶和转化酶活性与对照有显著差异(p0.05)。在2015大豆生长季的幼苗期,增温提高了土壤转化酶的活性;在开花期,各处理的转化酶活性均与对照有显著差异(p0.05);在鼓粒期,增温提高了脲酶活性,秸秆施用提高了转化酶活性,各处理的过氧化氢酶活性与对照无显著差异(p 0.05)。在2015～2016年冬小麦生长季的拔节、孕穗和扬花期,增温和秸秆施用均提高了转化酶活性;在孕穗和扬花期,增温和秸秆施用均提高了过氧化氢酶活性;增温和秸秆施用均提高了扬花期脲酶的活性。在2016年大豆生长季的幼苗和开花期,增温和秸秆施用均提高了转化酶活性;在鼓粒期,各处理均提高了脲酶、转化酶及过氧化氢酶活性。增温和秸秆施用对脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有影响,都表现为促进作用。土壤呼吸和脲酶、转化酶及过氧化氢酶之间的关系,均可用一元线性回归方程描述。2014～2015年冬小麦生长季,土壤呼吸与脲酶活性存在一元线性回归关系(P=0.061) ; 土壤呼吸与转化酶活性存在显著一元线性回归关系(P=0.013),与过氧化氢酶活性存在极显著一元线性回归关系(P = 0.002)。2015年大豆生长季,土壤呼吸与脲酶活性存在显著一元线性回归关系(P=0.028);土壤呼吸与转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均存在一元线性回归关系,其P值分别为0.111和0.215。2015～2016年冬小麦生长季,土壤呼吸与脲酶活性存在显著(P=0.016) 一元线性回归关系,与转化酶活性存在显著一元线性回归关系(P=0.015),与过氧化氢酶活性存在显著一元线性回归关系(= 0.038)。2016年大豆生长季,土壤呼吸与脲酶活性存在显著一元线性回归关系(P= 0.045);土壤呼吸与转化酶活性存在一元线性回归关系(P=0.072) ; 土壤呼吸与过氧化氢酶活性存在极显著一元线性回归关系(P=0.008)。脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶均是影响土壤呼吸的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of temperature increasing and straw application on soil respiration and enzyme activity in farmland, a random area test of winter wheat soybean crop rotation was conducted in the field. 4 treatments were set up (CK), temperature increasing (W), straw application (S), temperature increasing and straw application (WS). The soil respiration rate of each area group in the experiment field was tested. LI-8100 soil carbon flux automatic measurement system was used to measure the soil temperature and soil moisture in each cell. In addition, the urease, invertase and catalase were measured in different growth stages of the plant. The results of the experiment showed that the different treatments were in the 2014~2015 rotation year and the 2015~2016 rotation year. The seasonal variation of soil respiration rate was basically consistent, and the seasonal variation of soil respiration was consistent with the variation of soil temperature. In the 2014~2015 year winter wheat soybean rotation growth season, the average soil respiration rate of the control (CK), the temperature increasing (W), the straw application (S), the temperature increasing and the straw application (WS) treatment were 1.71 + 0.03,2.47 + 0.04,2.20 + 0.05,2.95 + 0 respectively. 1 mu mol. (M2 s) -1. variance analysis showed that the soil respiration and control of W, S and WS had significant differences (P 0.05). The soil respiration rate was higher than that of the control (P 0.05). The soil respiration rate of straw application and temperature increasing and straw application treatment was higher than that of the control. In 2015~2016 year winter wheat soybean rotation, control (CK), temperature increase (W), straw application (S), temperature increase and straw. The average soil respiration rate treated with straw (WS) treatment was 2.03 + 0.06,2.76 + 0.04,2.88 + 0.03,3.24 + 0.03 mol. (m2. S) -1. variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in soil respiration between W, S and WS treated (P 0.05) the variation of soil respiration rate under the annual variation of winter wheat and soybean rotation in 2016 winter wheat and soybean rotation and 2014~201 5 rotation annual consistency, temperature increasing, straw application and temperature increasing and straw application treatment improved soil respiration in farmland. At the same time, soil temperature was an important factor affecting the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate in two cropland, and the relationship between them could be explained by exponential regression equation. The jointing of Winter Wheat growing season in 2014~2015 years. During the period of booting, the activity of urease and invertase in each treatment was significantly different from the control (P0.05). In the seedling stage of the 2015 soybean growing season, the activity of the soil invertase was higher than that of the control (P 0.05). The enzyme activity was significantly different from that of the control (P0.05). The activity of urease was increased by increasing temperature in the drum stage, and the application of straw increased the activity of invertase. The activity of catalase was not significantly different from that of the control (P 0.05). In the 2015~2016 year winter wheat growing season, the growth of the pregnant and the flowering stages, and the increase of the application of the milder straw increased the invertase activity. The activity of catalase was increased in the booting and flowering stage, and the application of straw increased the activity of urease in the flowering stage. In the seedling and flowering period of the soybean growing season in 2016, the application of the milder straw increased the activity of the invertase, and the urease, invertase and peroxidation were improved at the stage of drums. The relationship between soil respiration, urease, invertase and catalase, the relationship between soil respiration and urease, invertase and catalase can be used to describe the long season of winter wheat from.2014 to 2015, and the soil respiration and urease activity is one element linear. Regression relationship (P=0.061); there was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and invertase activity (P=0.013), and there was a very significant linear regression relationship with the activity of catalase (P = 0.002). There was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and urease activity (P=0.028), soil respiration and Invertase and invertase in.2015 season. There was a linear regression relationship between the activity of catalase and the P value of 0.111 and 0.215.2015 to 2016, and the soil respiration and urease activity was significant (P=0.016) linear regression relation, and there was a significant linear regression relationship with the activity of invertase (P=0.015), and there was a significant one yuan with the activity of catalase. Linear regression relationship (= 0.038) there was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and urease activity (P= 0.045) in the growing season of.2016, and there was a linear regression relationship between soil respiration and invertase activity (P=0.072); soil respiration and catalase activity existed in a very significant linear regression relationship (P=0.008). Urease, invertase Both catalase and catalase are important factors affecting soil respiration.

【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154

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