麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对玉米产量及土壤物理参数的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 00:24

本文选题：麦秸-塑膜 + 复合覆盖　；参考：《中国农村水利水电》2017年09期

【摘要】：结合地膜覆盖与麦秸覆盖的保墒、生态效应,将2者集成麦秸-塑膜复合系统,分析了不同覆盖方式下的玉米生育进程、产量、耗水量、提高土壤有机质的水平等方面的指标。研究结果表明:覆膜和麦秸塑膜复合覆盖生育期较麦秸覆盖和无覆盖处理提早10 d,其耗水量相对较小,具有节水、减少无效蒸发的作用。与无覆盖处理相比,覆膜处理耗水量减少38.6 mm,复合覆盖处理耗水量减少44.0~59.6 mm;覆膜处理水分利用效率提高41.0%,复合覆盖处理水分利用效率提高20.8%~30.1%。与播种前相比复合覆盖土壤有机质含量提高8.62%~14.94%,对增加土壤有机质含量,提高麦草利用有积极作用,解决了秸秆覆盖技术在推广应用中常遇的"冷环境+低出苗+低产量"的问题。
[Abstract]:Combined with the soil moisture conservation and ecological effect of mulching with plastic film and wheat straw, the two integrated wheat straw plastic film composite systems were used to analyze the growth process, yield, water consumption and soil organic matter level of maize under different mulching methods. The results showed that the growth period of plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching was 10 days earlier than that of wheat straw mulching and no mulching treatment, and the water consumption was relatively small, which had the function of saving water and reducing ineffective evaporation. Compared with the non-mulching treatment, the water consumption of the film mulching treatment decreased by 38.6 mm, the water consumption of the compound mulching treatment decreased by 44.0 ~ 59.6 mm, the water use efficiency of the film mulching treatment increased by 41.0 mm and the water use efficiency of the composite mulching treatment increased by 20.8% 30.1 mm. Compared with that before sowing, the content of organic matter in compound mulching soil increased by 8.62% and 14.94%, which played a positive role in increasing the content of soil organic matter and improving the utilization of wheat straw. The problem of "low seedling emergence and low yield", which is often encountered in the popularization and application of straw mulching technology, has been solved.
【作者单位】：甘肃省水利科学研究院;甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划课题“西部牧区草地生态系统水-草-畜平衡与水资源优化配置技术研究”(2016YFC0400301) 甘肃省青年基金项目“麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对土壤水热及环境的影响机制”(145RJYA281) 甘肃省水利重点推广计划项目“河西内陆区精量低压滴灌技术体系研究”
【分类号】：S152;S513

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