三种肥料配施对不同复垦年限土壤性状及玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-08 00:11

本文选题：复垦年限 + 土壤养分　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以山西潞安五阳矿区的第1年、第5年复垦土壤为主要研究对象,以三种肥料的配施对塌陷区不同复垦年限土壤性状及玉米产量的影响为研究内容,结合田间调查采样和室内分析化验,主要结论如下：(1)三种肥料的配施均有效地提高了土壤中的全氮量、碱解氮量、有机质含量,分别对土壤肥力效果有不同程度的提高。其中,在复垦一年的土壤当中,施用鸡粪+菌肥处理时土壤全氮含量最高,比其余处理提高幅度。施用晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理时土壤碱解氮含量最高。施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤有机质含量最高;到复垦五年时,施用鸡粪+晨雨复合肥处理时土壤全氮含量最高,分别比单施晨雨复合肥、晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥、单施鸡粪、鸡粪+解磷菌肥、鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理提高了19.27%、21.10%、12.93%、4.24%、0.38%。施用鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理时土壤碱解氮含量最高,分别比单施晨雨复合肥、晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥、单施鸡粪、鸡粪+解磷菌肥、鸡粪+晨雨复合肥处理提高了33.94%、20.25%、21.56%、5.52%、21.64%。施用施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤有机质含量最高,分别比单施晨雨复合肥、晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥、单施鸡粪、鸡粪+晨雨复合肥、鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理提高了52.28%、50.62%、15.94%、17.69%、10.35%。结果表明：鸡粪、解磷菌肥配施对土壤全氮影响较大,鸡粪、晨雨复合肥、解磷菌肥配施对土壤碱解氮、有机质含量影响较优。(2)晨雨复合肥处理对提高土壤全磷含量效果显著,鸡粪、晨雨复合肥和解磷菌肥配施处理对有效磷影响较好。其中,在复垦一年的土壤当中,施用晨雨复合肥处理的土壤全磷含量最高。施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤有效磷含量最高;到复垦五年时,施用晨雨复合肥处理的土壤全磷含量最高,为0.622g/kg,分别比晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理、单施鸡粪处理、鸡粪+菌肥处理、鸡粪+晨雨复合肥处理和鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理提高了1.6%、2.8%、4.1%、4.5%、3.0%。施用鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理时土壤有效磷含量最高,分别比单施晨雨复合肥、晨雨复合肥+解磷菌肥处理提高了59.35%、57.81%。(3)鸡粪+晨雨复合肥+解磷菌处理对提高塌陷区土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶效果显著,过氧化氢酶活性降低。(4)三种肥料的配施对提高土壤微生物碳、氮含量效果显著。其中,在复垦一年的土壤当中,施用鸡粪+菌肥处理时土壤微生物碳含量达到最大值。施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤微生物氮含量最高。到复垦五年时,施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤微生物碳含量达到最大值,为199.01mg/kg。施用鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理时土壤微生物氮含量达到最大值,为13.23mg/kg。(5)解磷菌肥在玉米增产作用中起到了有益效果,并与腐熟鸡粪配合施用更能发挥其肥效。其中腐熟鸡粪+解磷菌肥处理玉米产量增产显著,玉米产量为450.8kg/亩。
[Abstract]:In the first and fifth year of Wuyang mining area in Lu'an, Shanxi Province, the main research object was reclaimed soil, and the effect of three kinds of fertilizers on soil characters and maize yield of different reclamation years in subsided area was taken as the main research object. Combined with field investigation and laboratory analysis, the main conclusions were as follows: (1) the combined application of three fertilizers could effectively increase the total nitrogen content, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen amount and organic matter content in soil, and improve the effect of soil fertility in different degrees. Among the soil reclaimed for one year, the soil total nitrogen content was the highest, which was higher than that of the other treatments. The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was the highest when the morning rain compound fertilizer was used to release phosphorus bacteria fertilizer. The content of soil organic matter was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure phosphorus release bacteria fertilizer, and the highest in the treatment of chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer treatment, which was respectively higher than that of single morning rain compound fertilizer and morning rain compound fertilizer when the soil was reclaimed for five years, and the soil total nitrogen content was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer, respectively. Application of Chicken manure, Chicken manure, Chicken manure and Rain compound Fertilizer increased 19.27% 21.10% 12.93% and 4.24% 0.38%. The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer, which was higher than that of single morning rain compound fertilizer, chicken manure, chicken manure and chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer treatment, and the treatment of chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer increased 33.94% 20.250.2521.56%, 5.5221.21.6464% higher than that of single Shi Chenyu compound fertilizer, morning rain compound fertilizer, chicken manure and chicken manure compound fertilizer, respectively. The content of soil organic matter was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure and phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, which was higher than that of single morning rain compound fertilizer, morning rain compound fertilizer, chicken manure and chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer, respectively. The treatment of Chicken manure and Rain compound Fertilizer increased 52.28% 50.622% and 15.94% 17.69% and 10.35%. The results showed that the combined application of chicken manure and phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer had a great effect on soil total nitrogen, chicken manure, morning rain compound fertilizer and phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer combined application had significant effect on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter content.) the effect of morning rain compound fertilizer on the increase of soil total phosphorus content was significant. The effects of chicken manure, morning rain compound fertilizer and phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer on the available phosphorus were better. Among the soils reclaimed for one year, the total phosphorus content of the soil treated with morning rain compound fertilizer was the highest. The content of available phosphorus in the soil was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure and in the treatment of morning rain compound fertilizer, which was 0.622 g / kg, respectively, which was higher than that in the treatment of morning rain compound fertilizer and only chicken manure, respectively, when the soil was reclaimed for five years, the total phosphorus content of the soil was the highest (0.622 g / kg). The treatments of chicken manure, chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer and chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer decomposed phosphorus bacteria fertilizer increased 1.6% 2.810% 4.51% and 4.5% 3.00%. The available phosphorus content of soil was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure morning rain compound fertilizer, which was respectively higher than that of single Shi Chenyu compound fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment of phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer of morning rain compound fertilizer increased 59.35% 57.81.) the treatment of chicken manure compound fertilizer had significant effect on improving soil sucrase, phosphatase and urease in collapsing area, and the results showed that the effect of the treatment on soil sucrose, phosphatase and urease was significant. The combined application of three fertilizers could increase soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content significantly. Among them, the soil microbial carbon content reached the maximum when the chicken manure was applied in the reclaimed soil for one year. The soil microbial nitrogen content was the highest in the treatment of chicken manure phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer. By the time of reclamation for five years, the soil microbial carbon content reached the maximum value of 199.01mg / kg. The microbial nitrogen content of soil reached the maximum value (13.23 mg / kg 路L ~ (5) the application of phosphorus releasing bacteria fertilizer had a beneficial effect on maize yield increase, and the fertilizer effect could be improved by applying it in combination with decaying chicken manure. Among them, the corn yield increased significantly with the treatment of decomposed chicken manure and phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, and the corn yield was 450.8kg/ mu.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S513;S158

【参考文献】