施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响

发布时间：2018-05-09 03:35

本文选题：施化肥 + 秸秆还田　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2015年10期

【摘要】：利用Illumina平台Miseq高通量测序技术对小麦分蘖期砂姜黑土耕层土壤细菌进行高通量测序,结合相关生物信息学分析,探讨了不施化肥秸秆不还田(CK)、施化肥秸秆不还田(F)以及不施化肥秸秆还田(W)3种处理土壤细菌群落组成、多样性和结构的变化。结果显示,测序共获得14 873个OTUs,计173 323条读数,平均读长439 bp。砂姜黑土细菌优势门(相对丰度10%)为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);优势纲(相对丰度10%)为α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、鞘脂杆菌纲(Sphingobacteriia)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria);优势属(相对丰度1%)共47个,3个处理中均有分布的优势属21个,F处理的细菌优势属的种类最多,为39个。相对丰度最大的门、纲和属分别是变形菌门(38.7%~43.1%)、α-变形菌纲(14.5%~18.1%)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)(4.6%~7.7%)。F处理细菌丰富度指数(Chao1指数和ACE指数)显著低于CK及W处理,W处理和CK处理土壤细菌丰富度指数无显著差异,与CK处理相比,F处理ACE指数降低22.8%。W处理土壤细菌Shannon多样性指数显著大于CK及F处理,W处理Shannon指数较CK处理提高4.1%,而F处理土壤细菌Shannon指数与CK处理无显著差异。F处理Simpson指数显著高于CK及W处理;F处理Simpson指数较CK处理提高38.1%,而W处理细菌Simpson指数最小,显著低于CK处理,较CK降低23.8%。分层聚类图显示在属的水平上,W处理和CK处理土壤细菌群落结构相似性较高,F处理与CK处理及W处理细菌群落结构差异较大。施化肥对土壤细菌优势类群组成、相对丰度及群落结构的影响大于秸秆还田,施化肥显著降低了土壤细菌丰富度,秸秆还田显著提高了土壤细菌的多样性。
[Abstract]:The high-throughput sequencing of bacteria in shajiang black soil at tillering stage of wheat was carried out by using Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique based on Illumina platform, and the related bioinformatics analysis was carried out. The changes of soil bacterial community composition, diversity and structure were discussed in three treatments, I. e., no chemical fertilizer straw, no chemical fertilizer straw, no chemical fertilizer straw returning to field, and no chemical fertilizer straw returning to field. The results showed that a total of 14 873 OTUs were obtained, with 173 323 readings, with an average reading length of 439 BP. The dominant bacteria phylum (relative abundance 10) of Shajiang black soil are Proteobacteriae, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetesa; the dominant classes (relative abundance 10) are AlphaProteobacteria, Beta proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Sphingobacterium iia and Alphaproteobacter proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Sphingobacterium iia and Alphaproteobacteriae, Acidobacteria, Sphingobacterium iia and Alphaproteobacteriae. Gamma proteobacteriae (Gamma proteobacteriae), a total of 47 dominant genera (relative abundance 1), had the most dominant genera, 21 dominant genera, and 21 dominant genera in all three treatments. It is 39. The door with the greatest relative abundance, The bacteria richness index of the sphingomonas and the sphingomonas were significantly lower than that of CK and W treatments and the soil bacterial richness indexes of W treatment and CK treatments were lower than those of CK and W treatments and CK treatments. There was no significant difference in the bacterial richness index between CK and W treatments and CK treatments, and the sphingomonas treatment had no significant difference in the bacterial richness index (P < 0.05), which was significantly lower than that in CK and W treatments, and that in W treatment and CK treatments, respectively, and there was no significant difference in bacterial richness index between CK and W treatments and CK treatments. Compared with CK treatment, the Shannon diversity index of soil bacteria in F treatment was significantly higher than that in CK and F treatment, but there was no significant difference in Shannon index between F treatment and CK treatment. The Simpson index of treatment was significantly higher than that of CK and W treatment, and the Simpson index of treatment F was 38.1 higher than that of CK, while the Simpson index of bacteria treated with W was the lowest. It was significantly lower than CK treatment and lower than CK treatment by 23.8. The stratified cluster map showed that the similarity of soil bacterial community structure between W treatment and CK treatment was higher than that of CK treatment and CK treatment and W treatment. The effect of chemical fertilizer on the composition, relative abundance and community structure of soil bacteria was greater than that on returning straw to soil. Fertilizer application significantly reduced the richness of soil bacteria, and returning straw to field significantly increased the diversity of soil bacteria.
【作者单位】：安徽农业大学资源与环境学院;安徽农业大学农学院;安徽农业大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：安徽省自然科学基金项目(1408085MD75) 安徽省高校自然科学重点项目(KJ2013A113)资助
【分类号】：S154.3

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