南药立体经营模式土壤质量综合评价

发布时间：2018-05-09 15:41

  本文选题：南药 + 立体经营　； 参考：《植物研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：为筛选优化的南药立体经营模式,本试验选用适宜南方种植的4种药用植物,采用随机区组设计,在已有的杉木林下,构建4种林药立体经营模式,分别是杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)+梅叶冬青(Ilex asprella)+艾纳香模式(Blumea balsamifera)(简称SMA)、杉木+梅叶冬青+广金钱草(Desmodium styracifolium)模式(简称SMG),杉木+梅叶冬青+草珊瑚(Sarcandra glabra)模式(简称SMC),杉木+梅叶冬青模式(SM)),以杉木纯林(简称CK)为对照,分析不同模式内0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性变化,并运用主成分分析法综合评价模式对林地土壤质量的影响。结果表明(1)与对照(纯林)相比,4种林药模式下的土壤容重均显著下降,且随土层深度的增加而增加。0~20 cm土层各模式土壤容重降幅分别为:模式SMA13.4%、模式SMG14.1%、模式SMC 20.8%和模式SM 22.3%、;20~40 cm土层的土壤容重各处理降幅为7.0%~15.5%。各模式土壤质量含水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度均显著提高(P0.05),且随土层深度的增加而减小,0~20 cm土层,均是以模式SM最大,分别比对照提高54.9%、100.1%、88.6%、44.9%和36.8%;20~40cm土层,均以模式SMG最大,分别是对照的61.5%、67.6%、69.7%、43.4%和44.0%。(2)0~20 cm土层p H呈下降趋势,降幅0.7%~6.2%,20~40 cm土层中各处理pH差异较大,但均未达到显著水平。除全钾外,其余土壤养分含量各模式均随着土层深度的增加而降低。0~20 cm土层中,有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮磷钾、交换性钙和镁以及阳离子交换量均以模式SMC含量最高,分别比对照提高79.7%、69.5%、30.3%、91.4%、279.4%、166.1%、91.6%、677.0%和70.3%。全钾含量以模式SMG最高,比对照增加了26.9%。(3)各处理土壤酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低。在0~20 cm土层中,与对照相比,各模式土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸活性差异显著(P0.05),其中脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性以模式SMC活性最高,分别是对照的1.7倍和1.6倍,蔗糖酶活性各模式皆低于对照,降幅59.3%~69.4%;酸性磷酸酶活性模式SMA最高,比对照提高78.7%。20~40 cm土层中,各模式及对照间仅酸性磷酸酶活性差异达到显著水平。(4)南药立体经营模式对土壤质量影响的综合排序为,模式SMC(2.811)模式SMG(1.293)模式SMA(0.111)模式SM(-1.544)CK(-2.671)。
[Abstract]:In order to select the optimized three-dimensional management model of Chinese fir, four kinds of medicinal plants suitable for southern planting were selected in this experiment, and the four models were constructed under the existing Chinese fir forest by random block design. Cunninghamia lanceolata) Ilex asprella) Blumea balsamifera (abbreviated as SMAA, Desmodium styracifolium) (SMG, Sarcandra glabraa) The Chinese fir forest (CK) was used as a control. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity in different soil layers of 0 ~ (20) and 20 ~ (40) cm were analyzed, and the effects of principal component analysis (PCA) on soil quality of forest land were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased significantly under the control (pure forest). And with the increase of soil depth, the decrease of bulk density of each model soil layer was: model SMA 13.4m, model SMG 14.1m, model SMC 20.8% and model SM 22.3C 2040cm soil layer. The soil bulk density of each model decreased by 7.0% and 15.5cm, respectively. The soil water content, field water capacity, capillary porosity and total porosity of each model increased significantly, and the soil layer decreased with the increase of soil depth. The model SM was the largest. Compared with the control, 54.9% and 36.8% were increased by 54.9%, 44.9% and 36.8%, respectively, with the model SMG being the largest. The pH value of 61.5% and 44.0%, respectively, of the control group and the soil layer of 44.0% and 44.0% were decreased, and the pH values of the treatments in the soil layer of 0.76.20.20 cm showed significant difference, but none of them reached the significant level. With the increase of soil depth, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and cation exchange capacity were the highest in all the models except total potassium, and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and cation exchange capacity were the highest in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer with the increase of soil depth. 79.7% and 69.5% higher than the control, and 30.3% and 91.4%, and 279.4% and 91.6%, 677.0% and 70.3%, respectively. The total potassium content was the highest in model SMG, and increased 26.90.0.The enzyme activity of each treatment decreased with the increase of soil depth. In the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, the activities of urease, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphoric acid were significantly different from those of the control. The activity of urease and polyphenol oxidase was 1.7-fold and 1.6-fold of that of the control, respectively, and the activity of urease and polyphenol oxidase was the highest in the soil layer of 0 ~ (20 cm), which was 1.7-fold and 1.6-fold of that of the control, respectively. The activity of sucrase in each model was lower than that of the control, and the decrease of 59.3% was 59.3%, while the activity of acid phosphatase (SMA) was the highest in the soil layer of 78.7 cm, 2040 cm higher than that of the control. Only the difference of acid phosphatase activity between the different models and the control was significant. 4) the comprehensive order of the effects of the model SMC2.811 on soil quality was as follows: model SMC2.811) Model SMA-1.293) Model SMA0.111) Model SM-1.544 + CK-2.671.
【作者单位】： 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD22B0504)资助~~
【分类号】：S714;S759.82
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本文编号：1866589