硒矿粉对水稻、金银花及三种蔬菜富硒效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:31

本文选题：硒含量 + 硒矿粉　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：硒是一种动物体必需的营养元素,同时也是对植物生长有益的营养元素。硒在地壳中的含量为0.05×10-6,一般很难形成工业富集。在地壳中呈一定的带状分布。研究表明世界上有超过40个国家和地区处于缺硒生态环境之中,涉及人口已超过1.5×109人。因此开发富硒农产品栽培种植技术成为必然趋势。我国硒资源总量丰富,位居世界第4位,但分布极不均匀,硒资源主要集中在在中南和西北地。我国有超过2/3的地区处于缺硒生态环境中,有超过7×109人生活在低缺硒地区。鉴于硒资源分布的不均衡特性,高硒区也存在低硒土壤,低缺硒地区大范围存在,作物富硒技术的研究成为社会发展的必然趋势,对国民生活具有意义重大。探讨不同作物在不同硒含量土壤条件下的栽培模式,是开发富硒产品的一个重要基础。本文以江西省丰城市董家镇富硒土壤和非富硒土壤进行水稻、黄瓜、茄子、苦瓜的富硒栽培及后效应试验。在山东省淄博市博山区上水银花金银花种植基地,进行金银花硒矿粉施距离、施用量及后效应试验。为这几种作物的富硒栽培提高科学依据。主要研究结果如下：(1)不同土壤条件对早稻有效穗、结实率、千粒重影响显著,对实粒数和产量影响极显著。富硒土壤处理平均有效穗(18.77万穗/667m2)显著低于非富硒土壤处理平均有效穗(19.63万穗/667m2)：富硒土壤处理平均实粒数(94.90粒/穗)极显著高于非富硒土壤处理平均实粒数(88.76粒/穗)；富硒土壤处理平均结实率(82.76%)显著高于非富硒土壤处理平均结实率(80.74%)；富硒土壤处理平均千粒重(27.50g)显著高于非富硒土壤处理平均千粒重(27.40g)；富硒土壤处理平均产量(482.05 Kg/667m2)显著高于非富硒土壤处理平均产量(453.37 Kg/667m2)。这说明土壤硒含量会降低水稻的有效穗,但能提高水稻的实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量。(2)不同硒矿粉施用量对早稻有效穗、实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量影响极显著。有效穗最多的处理是B1(20.06万穗/667m2),极显著高于其他处理；实粒数最少的处理是B1(85.38粒/穗),极显著低于其他处理；结实率最低的处理是B1(74.63%),极显著低于其他处理；千粒重最小的处理是Bl(26.72g),极显著低于其他处理；产量最低的是B1(441.43Kg/667m2),极显著低于其他处理。这说明施用硒矿粉会降低有效穗,但可以提高结实率、千粒重和总产量。(3)不同土壤条件对晚稻有效穗影响不显著；对产量影响显著；对千粒重、实粒数、结实率影响极显著。富硒土壤处理有效穗(16.0万穗/667m：)与非富硒土壤处理(15.4万穗/667m2)差异不显著；富硒土壤处理实粒数(99.9粒/穗)极显著高于非富硒土壤处理实粒数(91.1粒/穗)；富硒土壤处理结实率(70.02%)显著高于非富硒土壤处理结实率(67.66%)：富硒土壤处理千粒重(27.50g)极显著高于非富硒土壤处理千粒重(27.40g)：富硒土壤处理产量(374.61 Kg/667m2)显著高于非富硒土壤处理产量(364.74 Kg/667m2)。这说明土壤硒含量会降低水稻的有效穗,但能提高水稻的实粒数、结实率、千粒重和总产量。(4)不同硒矿粉施用量对晚稻有效穗、实粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量的影响极显著。有效穗最多的处理是B1(16.75万穗/667m2),极显著高于其他处理；实粒数最少的处理是B1(84.19粒/穗),极显著低于其他处理；结实率最低的处理是B1(66.21%),极显著低于其他处理；千粒重最小的处理是B1(25.60g),极显著低于其他处理；产量最低的是B1(340.02Kg/667m2),显极极著低于其他处理。进一步证明施用硒矿粉会降低有效穗,但可以提高实粒数、结实率、千粒重、和产量。(5)不同土壤硒背景对早稻籽粒硒含量的影响不显著,对茎秆硒含量的影响极显著。这说明作物对硒的吸收存在一个过程,而茎秆的生长时间远提前于籽粒,所以茎秆的硒含量受到的影响高于籽粒。(6)硒矿粉对早稻籽粒、茎秆中硒含量影响极显著。水稻籽粒中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2处理为0.0827 mg/Kg。水稻茎秆中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2处理为0.2181 mg/Kg。随着硒矿粉施用量的增加,水稻籽粒、茎秆中硒含量的增加呈极显著水平。(7)不同土壤硒背景对晚稻籽粒、茎秆硒含量的影响达到极显著水平,富硒土壤条件下晚稻籽粒硒含量为0.1288mg/Kg极显著高于非富硒土壤条件下的处理0.1095mg/Kg；富硒土壤条件下晚稻茎秆硒含量为0.2349mg/Kg极显著高于非富硒土壤条件下的处理0.1722mg/Kg。这说明不同水稻品种对土壤中硒含量的敏感程度和吸收利用程度不同。(8)硒矿粉施用量对晚稻籽粒、茎秆硒含量的影响极显著。水稻籽粒中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2处理为0.0471 mg/Kg,且各处理均低于早稻同一处理的硒含量0.0827 mg/Kg。随着硒矿粉施用量的增加,水稻籽粒中的硒含量极显著高于对照。水稻茎秆中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2处理(0.1538 mg/Kg),且各处理均低于早稻同一处理的硒含量0.2181 mg/Kg。随着硒矿粉施用量的增加,水稻茎秆中硒含量的增加呈极显著水平。这进一步说明硒矿粉能够长期增加水稻籽粒和茎秆硒含量,但对不同水稻品种的效果不同。应筛选出对硒矿粉利用率高的水稻品种进行推广(9)硒矿粉施用距离对金银花硒含量影响极显著。施用距离为5cm时,金银花收获产品硒含量最高。其次为30cm、10cm、25cm、20cm、15cm。这说明金银花对硒矿粉的吸收存在优势根区。(10)硒矿粉施用量对金银花硒含量影响极显著。在试验范围内,随着硒矿粉施用量的增加,金银花硒含量增加。这说明提高硒矿粉的含量可以显著提升金银花的硒含量。(11)收获叶位对金银花硒含量的影响极显著。随着金银花收获叶位的增大,其硒含量显著增加。这说明金银花对硒的吸收是一个渐进过程。随着时间的推移,金银花中硒含量增加。(12)硒矿粉能提高黄瓜中硒含量。黄瓜中硒含量随着硒矿粉施用量的增加而增加。间隔相同时间收获的产品中硒含量差异不明显。(13)硒矿粉能提高苦瓜中硒含量。在试验范围,苦瓜中硒含量与硒矿粉施用量呈正相关。相同间隔时间内收获的产品硒含量存在显著差异,第二次收获产品中硒含量显著低于第一次收获产品。这说明硒矿粉中的硒在快速流失。(14)硒矿粉能提高茄子中硒含量,提升幅度不大。在试验范围内,硒矿粉不能使茄子达到富硒标准。相同间隔时间内收获的产品硒含量存在显著差异,第二次收获产品中硒含量显著低于第一次收获产品。这说明茄子对硒的富集能力较差,硒矿粉中的硒在快速流失。
[Abstract]:Selenium is a kind of nutrient element essential to the growth of Se . The content of Se in the crust is 0.05 脳 10 - 6 . It is very difficult to form industrial enrichment . The research shows that there are more than 40 countries and regions in the world .
The average yield of Se - enriched soil ( 82.76 % ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 80 . 74 % ) .
The mean thousand - grain weight ( 27.50 g ) of Se - enriched soil was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 27.40 g ) .
The average yield of selenium - enriched soil ( 482.05 kg / 667 m2 ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - enriched soil ( 453.37 Kg / 667 m2 ) . The results showed that the content of Se in soil could reduce the effective panicle of rice , but could increase the number of grains , seed yield , 1000 - grain weight and yield of rice . ( 2 ) The application amount of different selenium mineral powder was very significant for the effective panicle , seed number , seed setting rate , 1000 - grain weight and yield of early rice . The most effective treatments were B1 ( 20.06 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly higher than other treatments .
The minimum number of grains per panicle was B1 ( 85.38 grains per panicle ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The lowest rate of treatment was B1 ( 74.63 % ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The minimum weight of 1000 - grain weight was Bl ( 26.72g ) , which was significantly lower than other treatments .
The lowest yield was B1 ( 441.43kg / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments . This indicated that the application of selenium mineral powder could reduce the effective panicle , but could improve the yield , 1000 - grain weight and total yield . ( 3 ) The effect of different soil conditions on the effective panicle of late rice was not significant ;
and the influence on yield is remarkable ;
The effect of selenium - enriched soil on the grain weight , the number of grains and the yield was very significant . The difference between the treatments of Se - rich soil ( 16.000 spikes / 667m : ) and the non - Se - rich soil ( 15.40 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) was not significant .
The number of grains of Se - enriched soil ( 99.9 grains per panicle ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 91.1 grains per panicle ) .
The soil treatment yield of Se - enriched soil ( 70.02 % ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 67.66 % ) . The treatment of 1000 - grain weight ( 27.50g ) in Se - enriched soil was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 27.40 g ) : the treatment yield of Se - enriched soil ( 374.61 Kg / 667 m2 ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 364.74 Kg / 667 m2 ) . The results showed that the content of Se in soil could reduce the effective panicle of rice , but could increase the number of grains , seed yield , 1000 - grain weight and total yield of rice . ( 4 ) The effect of different selenium mineral powder dosage on effective panicle , grain number , seed setting rate , 1000 - grain weight and yield of the late rice was very significant . The most effective treatments were B1 ( 16.75 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly higher than other treatments ;
The minimum number of grains per panicle was B1 ( 84.19 grains per panicle ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The lowest rate of treatment was B1 ( 66.21 % ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The minimum weight of 1000 - grain weight was B1 ( 25.60 g ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
( 5 ) The selenium content of rice grains was higher than that of grains . ( 6 ) The selenium content in the rice grains was significantly higher than that of grains .
The content of Se in rice grains was 0.2349mg / Kg . The content of Se in rice grains was significantly higher than that of control .

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S184

【相似文献】