生物炭与秸秆还田对水稻土碳氮转化及相关酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:07

本文选题：生物炭 + 秸秆还田　；参考：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：通过秸秆炭化还田和秸秆直接还田对比试验研究生物炭与秸秆还田对土壤碳氮转化相关酶、微生物量碳及矿质态氮的影响,为秸秆炭化还田生产实践提供科学依据。采用田间微区试验,基于等氮磷钾养分设计,设置6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK)、单施生物炭(C)、单施秸秆(S)、氮磷钾化肥配施(NPK)、生物炭配施氮磷钾(CNPK)和秸秆配施氮磷钾(SNPK)。分别在水稻插秧前(BF)、分蘖盛期(TS)、抽穗期(HS)和成熟期(MS)研究土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性及微生物量碳、矿质态氮含量的动态变化。结果表明:在等氮磷钾养分条件下,秸秆炭化还田和秸秆直接还田均能提高土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶活性、并能增加微生物量碳和矿质态氮含量;且生物炭配施氮磷钾化肥和秸秆配施氮磷钾化肥分别优于单施生物炭和单施秸秆;土壤中的微生物量碳、β-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶三者之间呈两两显著及极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为:0.894*,0.872*和0.956**;矿质态氮分别与蛋白酶活性、脲酶间呈极显著相关(0.966**)和显著相关(0.834*)。在等氮磷钾养分条件下,秸秆直接还田对土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和矿质态的促进作用优于秸秆炭化还田。秸秆炭化还田对土壤脲酶、微生物量碳提升作用优于秸秆直接还田。水稻秸秆炭化还田对土壤碳氮转化有促进作用。
[Abstract]:The effects of biochar and straw on soil carbon-nitrogen conversion enzymes, microbial biomass carbon and mineral nitrogen were studied through the comparative experiments of straw carbonization and straw direct return to the field, which provided the scientific basis for the production practice of straw carbonization. Based on the design of iso-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, six fertilization treatments were set up in the field experiment: no fertilization, single application of biochar, single application of straw, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with NPK, biochar with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with CNPKand straw with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (SNPK) and straw with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (SNPK). The dynamic changes of 尾-glucosidase activity, sucrase, urease activity, protease activity, microbial biomass carbon and mineral nitrogen content in soil were studied before transplanting rice seedlings, at full tillering stage, at heading stage (HSN) and at maturity stage (MS). The results showed that under the condition of equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, both straw carbonization and straw directly returned to the field could increase the activities of 尾 -glucosidase, urease, sucrase and protease, and increase the contents of microbial biomass carbon and mineral nitrogen. The relationship among microbial biomass carbon, 尾 -glucosidase and sucrase in soil was significantly higher than that in biomass carbon, 尾 -glucosidase and sucrase, and the relationship between biomass carbon, 尾 -glucosidase and sucrase in soil was significantly higher than that of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and straw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.872 * and 0.956 ~ (2 *), respectively, and the activities of proteinase were significantly correlated with the mineral nitrogen (0.966) and the correlation between urease (0.834). Under the condition of iso-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the direct return of straw to soil promoted 尾 -glucosidase, sucrase, protease and mineral state was better than that of straw carbonization. The effect of straw carbonization on soil urease and microbial biomass carbon was better than that of straw directly. The carbonization of rice straw can promote the conversion of soil carbon and nitrogen.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;沈阳农业大学辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家公益性行业专项项目(201303095) 国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200105) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD08B04)
【分类号】：S141

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