安太堡露天矿不同恢复模式下木本植物种群动态与土壤质量相关分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 13:09

  本文选题：安太堡露天矿 + 不同恢复模式　； 参考：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对安太堡露天矿南排土场复垦17年后的乔灌混合恢复模式与乔木恢复模式进行比较,分析了不同植被恢复模式下乔、灌木种群数量动态变化、更新与演替方向以及土壤质量的变化,并运用回归分析、主成分分析等方法阐明了植物与土壤之间的对位关系,提出了较为有效的恢复模式。研究结果如下：从存活率来看,初期种植树种的总存活率由大到小依次为模式1(刺槐×榆树×臭椿)模式2(刺槐纯林)模式4(刺槐×沙枣×沙棘×榆树)模式3(刺槐×柠条锦鸡儿×沙棘)。从乔木重要值来看,乔木总胸高断面积从大到小表现为模式1模式2模式4模式3。从更新情况来看,更新个体数量从多到少依次为模式3模式2模式4模式1,其中,对更新个体中乔木(胸径在3 cm以下)和灌木(基径在1 cm以下)进行统计发现其个体总数占各模式所有个体总数的比例从大到小依次为模式2模式1模式3模式4。模式1初期种植个体总存活率最高,乔木刺槐的存活率最高且年龄结构稳定,乔木总胸高断面积最大,成熟个体所占比例也较高,臭椿和榆树的更新个体也较丰富,但调查中发现初期种植榆树全部死亡,因此该模式中榆树的生长趋势还需继续观察研究；模式2总存活率也较高,刺槐更新个体较多,但在径级为3 cm≤DBH4cm时个体数为0,发展遇到瓶颈；入侵种榆树数量少,生存竞争力弱,预计将逐渐消失；模式3虽然更新个体较多,但初期种植的刺槐和沙棘全部死亡,调查到的刺槐和榆树均为小龄级的更新个体且数量很少,生存能力较弱,柠条锦鸡儿更新个体较多,储备充足,因此该模式预计将逐渐演替为柠条锦鸡儿纯林；模式4初期种植的刺槐和沙棘死亡率较高,榆树和沙枣死亡率较低,榆树更新个体丰富且年龄结构较为稳定,沙棘多为小龄级个体,更新个体丰富,沙枣成熟个体多但更新个体少。总体而言,乔木恢复模式(模式1和2)的发展状况要比乔灌混合恢复模式(模式3和4)要好,其中模式1优势明显。与南排土场附近未被破坏的原地貌土壤相比,各模式土壤pH值均低于原地貌,土壤中有机质、全氮和速效钾含量都高于原地貌,按照不同恢复模式土壤有机质、全氮和0～20 cm表层土壤速效钾含量由高至低依次为模式4模式2模式3模式1。破解氮和速效磷含量低于原地貌。在同一剖面内,20～40 cm土层的绝大多数土壤养分含量低于0～20 cm表层,且土壤质量各指标之间相关性均不显著。刺槐和榆树种群平均密度、平均胸径和平均高度与5种土壤质量指标的线性拟合度较高。主成分分析结果显示,5种土壤质量指标对刺槐和榆树种群的影响效果程度依次为速效磷破解氮有机质pH速效钾。回归模型对于刺槐和榆树的栽培和繁殖具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:In this study, the mixed restoration models of Arbor and shrub were compared with those of Arbor after 17 years of reclamation in the south dump of Antaibao opencast Mine, and the dynamic changes of population number of Arbor and shrubs were analyzed under different vegetation restoration models. The relationship between plant and soil was clarified by regression analysis and principal component analysis, and a more effective restoration model was put forward. The results are as follows: in terms of survival rate, The total survival rate of the initial planting tree species was in the order of model 1 (Robinia pseudoacacia 脳 elm 脳 Ailanthus), model 2 (pure Robinia pseudoacacia), model 4 (Robinia pseudoacacia 脳 seabuckthorn 脳 elm), model 3 (Robinia korshinskii 脳 Caragana korshinensis 脳 Hippophae rhamnoides). From the value of Arbor importance, the total chest height sectional area of Arbor is shown as mode 1, mode 2, mode 4, mode 3 from large to small. From the perspective of update, the number of individuals updating is mode 3, mode 2, mode 4, mode 1, where, According to the statistics of tree (DBH < 3 cm) and shrub (base diameter less than 1 cm), it was found that the proportion of total individuals to all individuals in each model was in order of mode 2, mode 1, mode 3, mode 4. The survival rate of tree Robinia pseudoacacia was the highest and the age structure was stable at the beginning of mode 1, the total chest height of Arbor was the largest, the proportion of mature individuals was also higher, and the regeneration individuals of Toona sinensis and elm were also rich. However, it was found that all elms were dead in the early planting period, so the growth trend of elms in this model should be observed and studied, and the total survival rate of mode 2 was also higher, and the number of renewing individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia was higher. But when the diameter grade is 3 cm 鈮，

本文编号：1874053