木炭对土壤作用机制及小麦生长的影响

发布时间：2018-05-12 15:37

本文选题：木炭 + 土壤　；参考：《山西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是全球最大的以农业为主的发展中国家,作为人口大国,如何有效地解决粮食问题是一个不可避免的研究课题。就黄土高原地区的农业发展情况来看,农业生产面临着增产丰收及减少温室气体排放的双重压力。对富含木炭的巴西热带雨林黑土的土壤研究证实,地球上光合作用合成的生物量在无氧条件下转化为生物炭,返回土壤后,不仅可改善土壤结构、增加土壤肥力,而且不被微生物降解可长期保存在土壤中,螯合了生物碳,大大减少了温室气体的排放。可见土壤具有“蓄炭池”的作用。以黄土高原麦田土壤为试验对象,通过向土壤中施加不同含量不同类型的木炭,应用生物化学和分子生物学等手段,研究土壤封存生物炭对黄土高原麦田土壤中酶活性的影响及对小麦生长的影响,明确小麦生长、土壤健康状况以及小麦产量随生物炭添加的变化规律。1.通过分析小麦土壤各种酶活性的动态变化,来研究向土壤中施加不同种类不同含量的木炭对土壤肥力及农作物产量的影响情况。实验数据表明:土壤中木炭含量增加后,土壤中各种酶的活性大体呈先增长后减少的趋势。究其原因为施炭能促进土壤中酶活性的增强,但是高含量的木炭会抑制酶活性的增长。2.将样品土壤灭菌后,加入木炭混匀,分别加入三种外加酶(纤维素酶,ALP,PPO),以探讨施炭对土壤酶的作用机制的影响。实验结果证明:施炭能有效地延长酶的活性周期,使得土壤酶更好地发挥作用,以增强土壤活力。3.土壤中含有大量的金属离子,其中大部分可以被农作物作为养分吸收,少量的会对土壤产生污染,使得土壤结构不适宜农作物生长。向土壤中施炭后,可以有效地增加金属离子的活跃程度,还可以减少小麦对污染型重金属镉等有效吸收。4.农作物在生长过程中主要是通过根系在土壤中吸收水分和营养物质。因此,有必要研究向土壤中施加不同种类不同含量的木炭对根系生长的影响、铜。实验结果证明:木炭可以增加小麦根系酶类;施炭后,小麦根系有较大的活跃面积和总表面积;小麦根系的各项指标均有有利影响。5.将小麦种植于加入不同种类、不同质量的木炭的大田中,在相同的种植条件下,控制种植周期、施肥量、灌溉量及农药施用量,以得到不同条件下小麦的产量。实验结果表明土壤中施炭有利于小麦的生长,小麦的产量也有了显著的增加。综上所述,在一定含量范围内,土壤中施炭有利于土壤酶活力的增强,能增强土壤的肥力,对小麦的生长有益。向土壤中施加不同种类不同含量的木炭,能有效地促进土壤中金属离子的活跃程度,能有效地降低有害金属离子对土壤的污染。证明施炭对土壤酶活力、土壤肥力及农作物的生长都有利。因此,通过施炭是增强土壤酶活力、土壤肥力,提高农作物产量的有效途径。本文旨在阐明施炭对土壤作用机制及小麦生长的影响,为农业低碳性、可持续性发展提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country with agriculture as the largest in the world. As a large population country, how to effectively solve the grain problem is an inevitable research topic. In the case of agricultural development in the Loess Plateau area, agricultural production is facing double pressure of increasing production and harvest and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Brazil heat rich in charcoal is high. The soil study with the black soil of the rainforest has proved that the biomass of photosynthesis on the earth is converted into biological carbon under oxygen free conditions. After returning to the soil, it can not only improve soil structure and increase soil fertility, but also can not be degraded by microorganisms for a long time in the soil, chelating the carbon of raw materials, greatly reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Visible soil is visible. The effect of the "carbon storage pool" was carried out. The effects of soil sequestration on the enzyme activity in the wheat field and the growth of wheat in the Loess Plateau were studied by applying different types of charcoal in different types of charcoal in the soil of the Loess Plateau, and the effects of soil sequestration on the wheat growth were studied. The effects of various kinds of charcoal on soil fertility and crop yield were studied by analyzing the dynamic changes of the activities of various enzymes in Wheat Soil by analyzing the changes of soil health and the variation of wheat yield with biological charcoal. The experimental data showed that after the increase of charcoal content in the soil, the.1. The reason for the activity of the species is the tendency to increase first and then decrease. The reason is that the application of carbon can promote the increase of enzyme activity in the soil, but the high content of the charcoal will inhibit the increase of enzyme activity. After the sterilization of the sample soil, the.2. added three additional enzymes (cellulose enzyme, ALP, PPO) to discuss the effect of carbon application on soil enzyme. The experimental results show that the application of carbon can effectively prolong the activity cycle of the enzyme, make the soil enzyme play a better role and enhance the soil vitality.3. soil contains a large number of metal ions, most of which can be absorbed by the crops as nutrients, a small amount of soil will pollute the soil, making the soil structure unsuitable for crop production. After applying carbon to soil, it can effectively increase the activity of metal ions and reduce the effective absorption of contaminated heavy metals, cadmium and other.4. crops in the process of growth, mainly by absorbing water and nutrients through the root system in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of different kinds of charcoal to the soil. The effect on the growth of root system, copper. Experimental results show that charcoal can increase the enzyme of wheat root system; after carbon application, the root of wheat has large active area and total surface area, and the various indexes of wheat root system have a favorable effect on.5. planting wheat in the field of charcoal with different kinds, different quantity of charcoal, under the same planting condition. The production cycle, fertilizer amount, irrigation amount and pesticide application were made to obtain the yield of wheat under different conditions. The experimental results showed that the application of carbon in soil was beneficial to the growth of wheat, and the yield of wheat had also increased significantly. In a certain range, the application of carbon in the soil was beneficial to the increase of soil enzyme activity and the increase of soil. Fertility is beneficial to the growth of wheat. The application of different kinds of charcoal to soil can effectively promote the activity of metal ions in the soil, effectively reduce the pollution of harmful metal ions to soil. It is proved that carbon application is beneficial to soil enzyme activity, soil fertility and growth of agricultural products. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the effect of carbon application on the mechanism of soil and the growth of wheat, and to provide a scientific basis for the low carbon and sustainable development of agriculture.

【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S141;S512.1

【参考文献】