丛枝菌根真菌参与下植物—土壤系统的养分交流及调控

发布时间：2018-05-13 18:32

本文选题：丛枝菌根 + 根际　；参考：《生态学报》2016年14期

【摘要】：近几年随着有机农业的发展,丛枝菌根的作用受到特别关注。丛枝菌根是由植物根系与丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)形成的一种共生体。在植物-AMF-土壤系统中,AMF为植物提供N、P等营养的同时从根系得到所需的C。概述了植物-AMF-土壤系统中C、N、P等营养物质的交流以及AMF与土壤微生物的互作关系。丛枝菌根的形成可显著提高植物对P的吸收,且在高P条件下多余的P可储存于AMF中。AMF对土壤N循环的影响相当复杂,可能参与调控N循环的多个过程,如硝化作用、反硝化作用和氨氧化作用等。在有机质丰富的土壤中AMF菌丝可快速扩增并吸收其中的N,主要供菌丝自身所需,只有一小部分传递给植物。AMF对土壤C库的影响尚存争议,可能存在时间尺度的差异。短期内可活化土壤C,而在长期尺度上可能有利于土壤C的储存。AMF能够通过改变土壤微生物群落结构而影响植物-土壤体系的物质交流。AMF与解磷菌、根瘤菌和放线菌的协同增效作用可促进土壤有机质的降解或增强其固氮能力;AMF对氨氧化菌的抑制作用可降低氨的氧化减少N2O的释放。AMF与外生共生真菌EMF共存时,表现出协同增效作用,但EMF的优先定殖会限制AMF的侵染。AMF不同类群之间则主要表现为竞争和拮抗关系。AMF与土壤微生物之间的互作关系受土壤无机环境的影响,在养分亏缺条件下微生物之间往往表现为竞争关系。因植物、AMF与土壤微生物之间存在复杂的互作关系,为此AMF并不总是表现出其对植物营养的促进作用。目前关于AMF的作用机理仍以假说为主,需要进一步的实验验证。在植物-AMF-土壤系统中N与C的交流和P与C的交流并未表现出一致性,对N、P循环相互关系的进一步探讨有助于深入理解植物-土壤体系中的养分循环。植物、AMF和土壤微生物的养分来源及其对养分的相对需求强度和吸收效率尚未可知,因此无法深入理解AMF在植物-土壤体系中养分交流和转化的作用。在方法上,传统的土壤学方法在养分动态研究中存在局限性,现代分子生物学手段和化学计量学的结合值得尝试。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of organic agriculture, the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza has been paid special attention. Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a symbiont formed by plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the plant -AMF- soil system, AMF provides N, P and other nutrients from the root system to summarize the C. of C, N, P, etc. in the soil system of plant -AMF-. Exchange of nutrients and interaction between AMF and soil microbes. The formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza can significantly increase the uptake of P by plants, and the effect of.AMF on N cycle in AMF under high P conditions is quite complex, and may be involved in many processes that regulate N cycle, such as nitrification, denitrification and ammonia oxidation. In organic rich soil, AMF mycelium can rapidly expand and absorb N, which is mainly needed for the mycelium itself. Only a small fraction of the effect of.AMF on the soil C library remains controversial. There may be a difference in time scale. In the short term, the soil C can be activated, but on a long-term scale it may be beneficial to the storage of.AMF in the soil C. The synergistic synergism of rhizobia and actinomycetes can promote the degradation of soil organic matter and enhance its nitrogen fixing ability by altering the soil microbial community structure and the synergistic synergism of the Rhizobium and actinomycetes, and the inhibition of AMF on the ammonia oxidizing bacteria can reduce the release of N2O and the EMF of the exobiotic fungi, EMF, and the release of N2O. Synergistic synergism was shown in coexistence, but the priority colonization of EMF could restrict the infection of AMF in.AMF. The interaction between different groups was mainly manifested in competition and antagonism, the interaction between.AMF and soil microbes was affected by soil inorganic environment. Under the condition of nutrient deficiency, the microorganism often showed competitive relationship. Plant, AMF and There is a complex interaction relationship between soil microbes. Therefore, AMF does not always show its promoting effect on plant nutrition. The mechanism of the action of AMF is still based on hypothesis and needs further experimental verification. In the plant -AMF- soil system, the communication between N and C and the interflow of P and C does not show consistency, N, P cycle is interrelated with each other. Further exploration of the system will help to understand the nutrient cycling in the plant soil system. The nutrient sources of plants, AMF and soil microbes and the relative demand intensity and absorption efficiency of nutrients are not yet known. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the role of AMF in the exchange and transformation of nutrients in the plant soil system. There are limitations in the study of nutrient dynamics. The combination of modern molecular biology and chemometrics is worth trying.

【作者单位】：中国科学院城市环境研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)“土壤-生物系统功能及其调控”(XDB15030301) 国家自然科学基金项目(31070463)
【分类号】：S154.4

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