锯片式棉秆切割试验台的设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:17

本文选题：锯片式 + 棉秆　；参考：《石河子大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：棉花是新疆的主要经济作物,种植成本低,经济效益好,同时也是种植面积最大的农作物。随着农村经济的发展和农业劳动力的减少,越来越多的棉秆被遗弃田间或烧毁,造成了棉秆资源的极大浪费和对环境的严重污染。机械化棉秆还田是实现棉秆还田的主要方式,具有便捷、快速、低成本的优势。茎秆粉碎还田机从结构上主要分为卧式和立式两种。目前我国对卧式茎秆粉碎还田机的研究较为广泛,但对立轴式茎秆还田机的研究较少。因此,在立轴式茎秆还田机的基础上,设计一种新型棉秆切割装置,对解决我国机械化棉秆还田以及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在查阅棉秆力学特性、切割机理和切割装置相关文献的基础上,对新疆棉花的栽培方法和种植模式进行了实地调研,获得了棉株田间生长的行距、株距、最低侧枝高度、棉秆不同部位的直径等物理特性参数;测定了棉秆含水率随时间的变化规律;进行了棉秆剪切力学特性试验,确定了棉秆试样不同部位剪切力随剪切位移的变化和破坏载荷随含水率的变化。根据棉秆切割试验的设计要求,确定了总体设计方案和工作过程,并对试验台进行功能分解。试验台包括切割装置、输送装置、棉秆夹持装置和数据采集系统。根据切割类型和运动学分析,设计了切割器和切割装置。根据棉秆物料特性和试验要求,设计了输送装置和棉秆夹持装置。确定了数据采集系统的方案。根据试验台功率消耗和数据精度要求,确定了变频电动机、变频器和转矩转速传感器的型号。利用Solidworks软件对切割试验台实体建模,并运用Ansys Workbench软件对关键零部件进行了有限元分析。对切割机架的结构进行了优化分析,校核了锯片、切割主动轴的强度,并对其进行了模态分析。分析结果表明,优化后的切割机架、锯片、切割主动轴均满足要求。通过正交旋转组合设计试验,利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行数据分析,得到了试验因子切割转速、输送速度和切割器倾角对试验指标切割功耗和割断率的影响。采用多目标优化的方法进行模型优化,得到满足性能指标的试验因子最佳组合,同时对优化参数与优化区域进行了分析。
[Abstract]:Cotton is the main cash crop in Xinjiang, with low cost, good economic benefit and the largest planting area. With the development of rural economy and the decrease of agricultural labor, more and more cotton stalks have been abandoned or burned, resulting in a great waste of cotton stalk resources and serious pollution to the environment. Mechanized return of cotton stalk is the main way to realize the return of cotton stalk, which has the advantages of convenience, speed and low cost. The stalk crushing and returning machine is mainly divided into horizontal type and vertical type from the structure. At present, the research of horizontal stalk pulverizing and returning machine is more extensive in China, but the research of vertical shaft type straw returning machine is less. Therefore, on the basis of vertical shaft stalk returning machine, a new cotton stalk cutting device is designed, which is of great significance to solve the problem of mechanized cotton stalk returning to the field and the sustainable development of agriculture. On the basis of consulting the relevant literature of cotton stalk mechanical properties, cutting mechanism and cutting device, the cultivation methods and planting patterns of cotton in Xinjiang were investigated on the spot, and the row spacing, plant spacing and the lowest lateral branch height of cotton plant were obtained. The physical characteristic parameters of different parts of cotton stalk, such as the diameter of cotton stalk, the variation of moisture content of cotton stalk with time, and the shear mechanical properties of cotton stalk were tested. The change of shear force with shear displacement and the change of failure load with moisture content in different parts of cotton stalk sample were determined. According to the design requirements of cotton stalk cutting test, the overall design scheme and working process were determined, and the function decomposition of the test bed was carried out. The test rig includes cutting device, conveying device, cotton stalk holding device and data acquisition system. According to the cutting type and kinematics analysis, the cutter and the cutting device are designed. According to the material characteristics of cotton stalk and test requirements, the conveying device and the cotton stalk holding device are designed. The scheme of data acquisition system is determined. According to the demand of power consumption and data precision of the test bed, the models of frequency conversion motor, frequency converter and torque speed sensor are determined. The solid model of the cutting test-bed is built by Solidworks software, and the finite element analysis of the key parts is carried out by using Ansys Workbench software. The structure of the cutting machine frame is optimized and the strength of the saw blade is checked and the strength of the driving shaft is cut and the modal analysis is carried out. The results show that the optimized cutting frame, saw blade and cutting drive shaft all meet the requirements. Through orthogonal rotation combination design test and Design-Expert 8.0.6 software for data analysis, the effects of test factors such as cutting speed, conveying speed and cutter inclination on power consumption and cutting rate are obtained. The optimal combination of test factors to meet the performance index is obtained by using the multi-objective optimization method. The optimization parameters and the optimization region are analyzed at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.29

【参考文献】