扶桑绵粉蚧的适生性及COI基因多态性分析

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:35

本文选题：扶桑绵粉蚧 + 入侵害虫　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)是近年来新传入我国的一种严重威胁农林业安全生产的重要外来入侵害虫。该虫原产北美大陆,自2008年传入我国以来,短期内已经蔓延至广东、海南、云南、江西、湖南、湖北等多个省区,具有极大的扩散风险性和潜在的巨大危害性。扶桑绵粉蚧具有寄主范围广,繁殖能力强,扩散迅速,危害严重等特点,对我国棉花产业具有潜在的巨大威胁。为进一步掌握该虫在我国暴发危害的可能性,及时准确的做好检验检疫工作,实施行之有效的防控措施,本研究开展了扶桑绵粉蚧在中国的适生性及COI基因多态性分析。采用BIOCLIM模型对扶桑绵粉蚧在我国的适生区进行预测分析;并对采自我国各发生地的扶桑绵粉蚧的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I(mt COI)进行测序,比较各地理种群的遗传距离,构建系统发育树,从而分析入侵我国的扶桑绵粉蚧的可能来源地;采用浸叶生测法测定了5种药剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力,为扶桑绵粉蚧防治药剂的筛选提供参考。主要研究结果如下:1.采用BIOCLIM生态位模型对扶桑绵粉蚧在中国的潜在适生地理区域进行预测,并预测了各区域的适生程度。扶桑绵粉蚧在我国的适生区域非常广泛,高度适生区包括我国黄河以南的广大华南、华中、华北地区,中低度适生区包括河北、辽宁、山西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、新疆、西藏等省区的部分区域。这些适生区域覆盖我国三大棉区,其中长江中下游棉区和黄河中下游棉区为扶桑绵粉蚧的高度适生区,西北棉区为其低度适生区。2.对我国已发现该虫的海南、广东、广西、云南、江西、湖南、浙江和湖北等省区的扶桑绵粉蚧种群的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I,mt COI)基因进行测序,并登陆Gene Bank进行序列比对,比较各地理种群间的遗传距离远近,构建扶桑绵粉蚧的系统发育树,研究结果表明:不同国家地区扶桑绵粉蚧种群虫源的遗传差异最大为3.2%,并未达到物种分化的程度。入侵我国的扶桑绵粉蚧与印度、巴基斯坦的扶桑绵粉蚧属于同一遗传支系,而与美国弗罗里达州扶桑绵粉蚧关系较远。由于其传入时间较短,所以中国不同地区的扶桑绵粉蚧种群在线粒体基因组水平上只有少量的碱基变异,尚未形成遗传分化。3.采用浸叶生测法测定了五种药剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力,结果表明48h处理后吡虫啉、啶虫脒、毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、阿维菌素对扶桑绵粉蚧三龄若虫的致死中浓度LC50分别为0.83、1.45、55.11、6.62、2.05mg/L,说明这五种药剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的防治效果均较好,均可作为扶桑绵粉蚧防治的药剂,其中微生物药剂阿维菌素具有低毒环保的特点,可以作为扶桑绵粉蚧防治的理想药剂。
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important foreign invasive pest that has been introduced into China in recent years, which is a serious threat to the safety of agriculture and forestry production. It originated from North America and has spread to Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces in the short term since it was introduced into China in 2008. It has the characteristics of wide host range, strong breeding ability, rapid spread and serious harm, which is a potential threat to China's cotton industry. In order to further understand the possibility of the outbreak of the insect in China, timely and accurately do the inspection and quarantine work, and implement effective control measures, this study carried out the analysis of the adaptability and COI gene polymorphism of the scale in China. The BIOCLIM model was used to predict and analyze the suitable areas of the scale in China, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (I(mt COI) was sequenced to compare the genetic distance of different populations. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the possible origin of the scale, and the virulence of five insecticides to the scale was determined by leaf soaking method, which provided a reference for the screening of insecticides for the control of the scale. The main results are as follows: 1. The BIOCLIM niche model was used to predict the potential suitable geographical areas of the scale in China, and the suitable degree of each region was predicted. The suitable areas of the scale are very extensive in China. The highly suitable areas include the vast South China south of the Yellow River, central China, North China, middle and low suitable areas including Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang. Part of Tibet and other provinces and regions. These suitable areas cover three major cotton regions in China. The cotton areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the high suitable areas for the scale of mulberry cotton, and the cotton regions in the northwest are the low suitable areas of cotton. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase) I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase mtCOI gene was sequenced in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces and regions of China. The sequence alignment was carried out by landing Gene Bank, and the genetic distance between different populations was compared to construct the phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the genetic difference of the population was 3.2and did not reach the level of species differentiation. It is the same genetic branch as India and Pakistan, but it has a far relationship with the American State of Florida. Because of its short afferent time, there is only a small amount of base variation at the mitochondrial genome level in different regions of China, and no genetic differentiation. 3. The virulence of five kinds of insecticides to Pyriacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and pyrimidine were determined by the method of foliage immersion, the results showed that imidacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and pyridine were treated for 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of avermectin to the third instar nymphs of the scale was 0.83O1.455mg / L, 55.116.62ng/ L, respectively. The results showed that the five insecticides had better control effect on the scale, and they could be used as insecticides for the control of the scale. Abamectin, a microbiological agent, has the characteristics of low toxicity and environmental protection, and it can be used as an ideal agent for the control of Avermectin.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433

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