不同有机物料还田对黑土活性有机碳组分和大豆品质的影响

发布时间：2018-05-15 11:25

本文选题：黑土 + 有机物料　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大豆是黑龙江省主要的粮食作物。长期以来土地过度开垦,化肥的大量使用,使土壤理化性状下降,有机碳含量下降,作物品质降低,急需增加碳投入、改善土壤结构、改善作物质量。本文以黑龙江省克山县为试验地点,设置化肥配施秸秆全量还田(SNPK)、化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)、化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)和单施化肥(NPK)4个处理,采用田间小区试验,探讨不同有机物料还田条件下,土壤有机碳含量、活性有机碳组分的变化情况,以及对大豆产量及品质的影响,为黑土土壤肥力的保持与提高以及土壤持续利用提供理论基础,为大豆的高产优质生产提供科学依据。研究结果如下:(1)通过对不同有机物料还田对土壤水分入渗性能的试验表明,秸秆全量还田(SNPK)处理的土壤渗透性能最好;不同有机物料还田与单施化肥(对照)相比均能增加0.25-10mm机械稳定性团聚体含量和0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量;不同有机物料处理均能降低土壤砂粒含量,增加土壤粘粒含量,有效地改善土壤结构;不同有机物料处理能够增加0-20cm表层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等速效养分含量,并且提高土壤全量养分含量,其中配施有机肥处理对土壤化学养分表现出了最佳的提升效果。秸秆还田表现出了对土壤物理性状的良好改善效果。(2)研究不同有机物料还田条件下,黑土土壤活性有机碳及其组分的变化特征。结果表明,不同有机物料还田处理显著提高土壤总有机碳含量,与单施化肥(NPK)相比,化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)、化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)、秸秆全量还田(SNPK)分别增加3.0%、2.4%、1.7%;不同有机物料还田措施下土壤水溶性有机碳含量分别增加46.3%、7.6%、14.2%;化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)对土壤易氧化有机碳含量起显著的促进作用,秸秆还田(SNPK)和化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)增加土壤微生物量碳17.2%和14.2%。化肥配施有机肥能提高水溶性有机碳比例和土壤微生物量碳比例。土壤活性有机碳各组分之间存在显著相关性。有机肥与化肥的配施(MNPK)对于增加土壤活性有机碳含量和有效调控其关键组分具有重要作用。(3)对不同有机物料还田措施对大豆生长的研究显示,不同有机物料还田能够增加植株光合作用,提高大豆叶绿素含量,增加叶面积指数,促进作物生长,增加作物产量。与单施化肥(NPK)处理相比较,秸秆全量还田(SNPK)、化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)和化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)处理分别增产4.9%、11.8%、9.4%。(4)通过对不同有机物料还田措施对大豆品质影响的试验表明,化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)处理的蛋白质含量最高,秸秆全量还田(SNPK)处理的脂肪含量最高,与其它处理相比差异均达显著性水平。
[Abstract]:Soybean is the main food crop in Heilongjiang Province. For a long time, the excessive reclamation of land and the extensive use of chemical fertilizers have led to the decline of soil physical and chemical properties, the decrease of organic carbon content and the decrease of crop quality. It is urgent to increase carbon input, improve soil structure and improve crop quality. In this paper, Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, was used to set up four treatments, SNPK, MNPK, BNPK and NPK), which were treated with chemical fertilizer in combination with straw to return to the field in full quantity, organic fertilizer with MNPK, chemical fertilizer with biological carbon (BNPK) and single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK). The field plot experiment was carried out. The changes of soil organic carbon content and active organic carbon components, and the effects on soybean yield and quality under different organic materials returning to the field were discussed, which provided a theoretical basis for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility in black soil and the sustainable use of soil. To provide scientific basis for soybean production with high yield and good quality. The results are as follows: (1) through the experiment on the soil water infiltration performance of different organic materials returning to the field, the results showed that the soil permeability was the best when the straw was returned to the field by SNPK. The content of 0.25-10mm mechanical stability aggregate and 0.25mm water stable aggregate could be increased by different organic materials returning to the field, and the soil sand content and soil clay content could be increased by different organic materials treatment. Different organic materials treatment could increase the contents of available nutrients such as alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, etc, and increase the total nutrient content of soil. Among them, organic fertilizer treatment showed the best effect on soil chemical nutrients. Straw returning to the field showed a good effect on the improvement of soil physical properties. (2) the change characteristics of soil active organic carbon and its components in black soil under different organic materials returning to the field were studied. The results showed that the soil total organic carbon content was significantly increased by different organic materials returning to the field, compared with NPK. MNPK, BNPK, SNPK, SNPK, SNPK increased by 3. 0 and 2. 4% respectively; the content of water soluble organic carbon in soil increased by 46. 3% and 7. 6% under different organic materials respectively; the organic fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer MNPK increased the content of easily oxidized organic matter in the soil, and the content of soil water soluble organic carbon was increased by 4. 3%, 7. 6% and 14. 2% respectively under the condition of different organic materials returning to the field; the application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MNPK) was easy to oxidize the organic matter Carbon content plays a significant role in promoting, SNPK and BNPK increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 17. 2% and 14. 2% respectively. The ratio of water soluble organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon could be increased by applying chemical fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer. There was a significant correlation between soil active organic carbon components. Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (MNPK) plays an important role in increasing soil active organic carbon content and effectively regulating its key components. Different organic materials can increase plant photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, increase leaf area index, promote crop growth and increase crop yield. Compared with NPK treatment, total straw returning to field, organic fertilizer MNPK) and chemical fertilizer combined with biochar (BNPK) treatment increased the yield of soybean, respectively. The effects of different organic materials on soybean quality were studied. The protein content was the highest in the chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MNPK) treatment, and the fat content was the highest in the total straw returning to field (SNPK) treatment, and the difference was significant compared with other treatments.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S153.6;S565.1

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