水田不同开垦年限土壤腐殖质特征的比较

发布时间：2018-05-16 05:50

本文选题：不同开垦年限水田 + 土壤有机质　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤是社会、历史和自然的综合体,是人类社会的根本,它在自然与人为因素的作用和影响下不断变化与更新。土壤质量是评价土壤好坏的重要指标,是农业发展和土壤管理判断准则,它关系到动物和人类健康行为的能力、生态系统的环境质量以及全球生物圈可持续发展。土壤的研究对我国农业乃至一切生产生活都具有重大的意义。我国南方水田开垦历史悠久且国内外对其研究较多,而北方水田开垦历史短且大部分是由旱田改为的水田,国内外对其研究较少。本文针对长期以来东北黑土区水田开垦面积不断增加,对土壤肥力和碳固定影响机理不清楚的问题,以吉林省榆树市大坡镇关道东村不同开垦年限(5年、30年)和磐石市朝阳山镇青山村不同开垦年限(5年、20年、50年)的水田土壤为研究对象,并以磐石市朝阳山镇青山村不同开垦年限(5年、20年、50年)的旱田土壤作为对照,研究土壤有机碳总量及水溶性物质(WSS)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)、胡敏素(Hu)的组成和HA结构特征变化,通过对不同开垦年限水田土壤腐殖质组成与HA结构特征变化规律的研究,探索水田不同开垦年限土壤肥力特征变化。结果表明:(1)关道东村不同开垦年限的水田土壤,随着开垦年限的增加:速效养分(有效氮、有效磷和速效钾)含量均上升;有机碳及各腐殖质组分含量(WSS、FA、HA和Hu)均上升;PQ值上升,土壤腐殖化程度加深;腐殖质组分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均下降,分子结构变得复杂;HA的H/C值下降,O/C值上升;HA的E2920/1720和E2920/1620比值均下降,HA分子结构变得复杂。(2)青山村不同开垦年限的水田土壤,随着开垦年限的增加:速效养分含量上升;有机碳含量上升;WSS、HA和Hu的含量均上升而FA含量下降;PQ值上升,土壤腐殖化程度加深;腐殖质组分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均下降,分子结构变得复杂;HA的H/C值下降,O/C值上升;HA的E2920/1720、E2920/1620比值均下降,HA的分子结构变得复杂。(3)青山村对照的旱田土壤,随着开垦年限的增加:速效养分含量下降;有机碳及各腐殖质组分含量均下降;PQ值下降,土壤腐殖化程度减弱;腐殖质组分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均上升;HA的H/C值上升,O/C值下降;HA的E2920/1720、E2920/1620比值均上升,HA分子结构变得简单。(4)开垦5年时,青山村水田土壤有机碳含量、PQ值及HA的O/C值均小而HA的H/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值大于对照的旱田;开垦20年时,水田土壤有机碳含量、PQ值及HA的H/C值、O/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值均接近于对照的旱田;开垦50年时,水田土壤有机碳含量、PQ值及HA的O/C值均大而HA的H/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值小于对照的旱田。各腐殖质组分含量与?LgK值的大小比较无明显变化规律。
[Abstract]:Soil is the synthesis of society, history and nature, and the foundation of human society. It is constantly changing and renewing under the action and influence of natural and human factors. Soil quality is an important index for evaluating soil quality and a criterion for agricultural development and soil management. It relates to the ability of animal and human health behavior, the environmental quality of ecosystem and the sustainable development of global biosphere. The study of soil is of great significance to our agriculture and even to all production and life. The history of paddy field reclamation in the south of China is long and there are many researches on it at home and abroad, while the reclamation history of paddy field in northern China is short and most of them are changed from dry field to paddy field, and there is little research on it at home and abroad. This paper aims at the problem that the cultivated area of paddy field in the black soil area of Northeast China has been increasing for a long time, and the influence mechanism on soil fertility and carbon fixation is not clear. The paddy soil of different reclamation years (5 years, 30 years) and Qingshan Village (5 years, 20 years, 50 years) in Dapo Town, Yushu City, Jilin Province, was studied. The composition and structural characteristics of soil organic carbon and water-soluble substances such as WSS, Fa, Hu Min, Hu Min-su in Qingshan Village, Chaoyang Town, Panshi City, were studied by using the dry soil of Qingshan Village, Chaoyang Town, Panshi City, as a control. The variation of soil humus composition and HA structure characteristics in paddy fields with different reclamation years was studied in order to explore the change of soil fertility characteristics in paddy fields with different reclamation years. The results showed that the contents of available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) and organic carbon and various humus components (WSSFAA HA and Hu) increased with the increase of reclamation years in the paddy field soil of Guandao East Village, and the values of PQ were increased with the increase of reclamation years, the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and the contents of organic carbon and various humus components (WSSF FAA HA and Hu). The humification degree of soil was deepened, the value of LgK of humus components WSSF FA and HA decreased, The value of H / C of HA decreased with the increase of the ratio of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 of HA. The ratio of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 of HA decreased. The molecular structure of HA became complex. 2) the paddy soil with different years of reclamation in Qingshan village increased with the increase of reclamation years: the content of available nutrients increased; The content of organic carbon increased, but the content of FA increased, the degree of humification deepened, and the values of humus components, WSSF, FA and HA decreased. The H / C value of HA decreased with the increase of H / O / C value. The ratio of E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 of HA decreased. The molecular structure of HA decreased. The content of organic carbon and various humus components decreased and the soil humification degree decreased. The values of humus components WSSF FA and HA increased, the H / C value of HA increased and the value of H / P C of HA increased and the ratio of E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 of HA increased and the molecular structure of HA became simple. 4) after 5 years of reclamation, the ratio of E2920 / 1720 to E2920 / 1620 of HA increased. In Qingshan Paddy field, the soil organic carbon content (P Q) and HA O / C value were small, but the H / C value and E 2920 / 1720% E 2920 / 1620 value of HA were higher than those of the control field, and the soil organic carbon content (P Q) and H / C value (O / C) of paddy field were close to those of the control field after 20 years of reclamation. The values of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 were similar to those of the control field. After 50 years of cultivation, the soil organic carbon content (PQ) and the O / C value of HA in paddy field were both large, while the H / C value of HA and E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 value were lower than those of the control field. The content of humus had no obvious change with the value of LgK.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.622

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