糖醋液对梨小食心虫的引诱作用及其机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 12:15

本文选题：梨小食心虫 + 糖醋液　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：梨小食心虫(Grapholita molesta Busck)属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),是世界性的果树害虫。其食性广泛,寄主种类比较广,广泛分布于各大果区,其繁殖能力高,飞行能力强,严重的危害到了果品的生产,因此梨小食心虫的防治受到了普遍关注。目前主要防治方法为化学防治,导致农药残留、水果品质下降、天敌减少、破坏生态平衡等一系列的弊端。糖醋液诱杀梨小食心虫是一种无公害防治害虫手段。本文旨在研究糖醋液对梨小食心虫的引诱效果及梨小食心虫对糖醋液挥发性物质的趋性反应,探讨梨小食心虫对糖醋液的选择情况及糖醋液挥发性物质中能够引起梨小食心虫趋性反应的有效成分。为了探明糖醋液对梨小食心虫的引诱作用,以及引诱机理,为无公害防治梨小食心虫提供理论基础和事实依据。具体研究结果如下:(1)利用正交试验设计在田间设置9种不同配比的糖醋液对梨小食心虫进行引诱试验,试验地选择10年生的桃树基地,随机摆放9种不同配比糖醋液以及对照,记录每个配比诱杀梨小食心虫的数量。试验结果发现,当配方为红糖∶食用醋∶白酒∶水=1∶1.4∶1∶12时,糖醋液对梨小食心虫成虫的引诱效果最好。(2)利用Y型嗅觉测定仪,测定梨小食心虫成虫对9种不同配比糖醋液的趋性反应,结果发现,梨小食心虫雌雄成虫对配方为红糖∶食用醋∶白酒∶水=1∶1.4∶1∶12均表现趋性最强。(3)采用动态顶空采集、热脱附及气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术等手段相结合的试验方法,对最佳配比糖醋液的挥发性物质组成进行了分析研究,得出了糖醋液挥发性物质中有主要成分15种,其中6种酮总相对含量约为41.45%;4种醛总相对含量约为25.84%;3种酯总相对含量约为21.96%,通过用标准化合物进行室内行为学测定得出了2种使梨小食心虫产生趋性活性的物质,其中乙基苯乙酮能够使梨小食心虫雌成虫产生趋性反应,3,4-二甲基苯乙酮能够使梨小食心虫雄成虫产生趋性反应。
[Abstract]:Pyrus molesta belongs to Lepidoptera Lepidoptera, which is a worldwide pest of fruit trees. It has a wide range of food and host species, and is widely distributed in various fruit regions. It has high reproduction ability, strong flight ability and serious harm to fruit production. Therefore, the prevention and control of small heart-eating insects of pear has received widespread attention. At present, the main control methods are chemical control, which results in pesticide residues, fruit quality decline, natural enemies reduced, ecological balance damage and a series of drawbacks. Sweet and sour solution is a kind of non-pollution control method to kill Pear minnow. The purpose of this paper is to study the inducement effect of sweet and sour solution to pear minnow worm and its tendency reaction to volatile substances in sweet and sour solution. To study the selection of sweet and sour solution and the effective components of volatile substances in sweet and sour liquid which can induce the tendency reaction of Pear heart-worm. In order to find out the seductive effect and mechanism of sweet and sour solution to Pear heart-worm, the theoretical basis and the factual basis were provided for the prevention and control of Pear heart-worm without pollution. The specific results are as follows: (1) using the orthogonal design to set up nine different proportions of sweet and sour solution in the field to induce the pear heart-worm, the experiment site was selected for 10 years old peach tree base, 9 kinds of sweet and sour juice with different proportions and the control were randomly placed. Record the number of pyramidals in each ratio. The results showed that when the formula was brown sugar: edible vinegar: liquor: water 11. 4: 1: 12, sweet and sour solution had the best attraction effect to the adult worm of Pear heart-eating insect.) the Y type olfactory detector was used. The responses of adults to 9 different proportions of sugar and vinegar were determined. The formula of male and female adults of Pear is brown sugar: edible vinegar: liquor: water 1: 1.4: 1: 12. The test method of dynamic headspace collection, thermal desorption and GC-MS is used. The composition of volatile substances in the optimum proportion of sugar and vinegar was analyzed and studied. The results showed that there were 15 main components in the volatile substances of sugar and vinegar. The total relative contents of 6 ketones and 4 aldehydes were about 25.84 and 21.96 respectively. Ethyl acetophenone can induce the female adult of Pear heart-eater to produce a chemotaxis. 3- (4-dimethyl) acetophenone can cause the male adult of Pear heart-eater to produce a chemotaxis.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.4

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