稻草高茬-紫云英联合还田改善土壤肥力提高作物产量

发布时间：2018-05-16 13:20

  本文选题：绿肥 + 肥力　； 参考：《农业工程学报》2017年23期

【摘要】：研究旨在探讨稻草留高茬套种绿肥、稻草-绿肥联合还田下的生产及土壤肥力特征,为南方稻区综合利用稻草和绿肥提供理论及技术支撑。2012—2016年设置定位试验,研究高茬稻草-绿肥联合还田下的绿肥和水稻产量、土壤碳氮库活性及其他养分特征。试验包括5个处理:冬闲+稻草不还田(CK),冬闲+稻草全量还田(RS),冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV),冬种紫云英+稻草低茬全量还田(MV+LRS),冬种紫云英+稻草高茬全量还田(MV+HRS),各处理施用等量化肥。结果表明:稻草-绿肥联合还田提高绿肥产草量及其含氮量,与MV相比,分别增加了13.1%和6.8%(MV+LRS)、32.2%和5.2%(MV+HRS);增加水稻产量,以MV+HRS处理最高,4 a平均产量较RS、MV增加556.8和412.8 kg/hm2。2013和2015年,MV+HRS处理水稻产量高于MV+LRS。稻草-绿肥联合还田培肥地力效果明显,土壤有机质、全氮含量均比CK、RS和MV增加;且联合还田下有效养分提升更为全面。与稻草和绿肥单独应用相比,稻草-绿肥联合还田还能提升土壤微生物量氮及可溶性有机碳氮含量。可见,稻草-绿肥联合还田能够改善绿肥生长、提高水稻产量、提升土壤肥力;其中,高茬稻草与绿肥联合还田下的紫云英和水稻产量最高,土壤肥力也优于低茬处理,是综合利用稻草和绿肥资源的较好方式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to explore the production and soil fertility characteristics of rice straw with high stubble intercropping, straw and green manure returning to the field, and to provide theoretical and technical support for comprehensive utilization of rice straw and green manure in southern rice region. The green manure and rice yield, soil carbon and nitrogen pool activity and other nutrient characteristics were studied under the combination of straw and green manure with high stubble. The experiment includes five treatments: winter straw is not returned to field, winter rice straw is not returned to field MVN, winter plant rice straw is returned to field with low stubble, MV LRSN is returned to field, winter planting of Zyunya rice straw is returned to field with high stubble, total amount of rice straw is returned to field. The same amount of chemical fertilizer was applied to each treatment. The results showed that the combination of straw and green manure could increase the yield and nitrogen content of green manure, increase the yield of rice by 13. 1% and 32. 2% of 6.8%(MV and 5.2%(MV, and increase the yield of rice, compared with MV, the yield of rice was increased by 13. 1% and 32. 2%, respectively, and the yield of rice was increased. The average yield of rice treated with MV HRS for 4 years was 556.8 and 412.8 kg/hm2.2013 higher than that of RSV MV and the yield of rice treated with MV-MV HRS in 2015 was higher than that of MV-LRS. The effects of straw and green manure on soil fertility were obvious, soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were higher than CK, RS and MV, and the effective nutrients under the combined return were more comprehensive. Compared with straw and green manure application alone, straw and green manure can also increase soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soluble organic carbon nitrogen content. It can be seen that the combination of straw and green manure can improve the growth of green manure, increase the yield of rice and improve the soil fertility, among which, the yield of Ziyunying and rice under the combination of high stubble straw and green manure is the highest, and the soil fertility is better than that of low stubble treatment. It is a better way to make comprehensive use of straw and green manure resources.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;中国农业科学院研究生院;江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心;青海大学青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22) 中国农业科学院科技创新工程 现代农业人才支撑计划 Newton Fund(Grant Ref:BB/N013484/1) 国家农作物种质资源平台(NICGR2017-019) 作物种质资源保护和利用项目(2017NWB038)
【分类号】：S158
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本文编号：1896958