城市高羊茅草坪绿地水沙调控效应

发布时间：2018-05-17 01:15

本文选题：高羊茅草坪绿地 + 产流产沙　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究了60%覆盖度城市高羊茅草坪绿地(种草当年)在不同坡度(5°,10°)、不同雨强(30,60,90mm/h)条件下的产流、产沙过程以及径流携带泥沙的作用机制,并用裸地作为对照,同时定量化分析城市高羊茅草坪绿地的水沙调控作用。结果表明:(1)高羊茅草坪绿地能够有效延缓初始产流时间,但随着雨强及坡度的增加其延缓效果降低,当雨强90mm/h、坡度10°时草坪绿地几乎没有延缓初始产流时间的效果;(2)各试验条件下高羊茅草坪绿地与裸地产流率差异性显著,但雨强90 mm/h、坡度10°时二者差异性不显著;(3)各试验条件下高羊茅草坪绿地总径流量是裸地的0.8倍左右,总产沙量是裸地的1/244.68~1/28.34倍;(4)60%盖度城市高羊茅草坪绿地能够有效削减径流量和土壤侵蚀量,但削减程度有差异,雨强为30,60,90mm/h时草坪绿地的平均减流效益分别为33.23%,23.04%,13.78%,在各场次降雨条件下减沙效益均可达95%以上;(5)试验条件相同时,高羊茅草坪绿地和裸地的径流挟沙能力有差异,同一径流量下草坪绿地的土壤侵蚀量远远低于裸地;(6)分别建立城市高羊茅草坪绿地、裸地的径流量与泥沙侵蚀量之间的水沙关系。
[Abstract]:Through artificial simulated rainfall experiment, the runoff, sediment yield process and the mechanism of runoff and sediment carrying in urban tall fescue lawn green space (recommended year) under different slope (5 掳~ 10 掳~ 10 掳) and different rain intensity (30 ~ 60 ~ (90) mm / h) were studied. The effects of water and sediment on urban tall fescue lawn green space were analyzed by using bare land as control and quantitative analysis at the same time. The results showed that the grass of tall fescue grass could effectively delay the initial runoff production time, but with the increase of rain intensity and slope, the delay effect decreased. When the rainfall intensity was 90mm / h and the slope was 10 掳, there was no effect of delaying the initial runoff time. But the rainfall intensity of 90 mm / h and the difference between the two were not significant at 10 掳) the total runoff of tall fescue lawn was about 0.8 times as much as that of bare land. The total sediment yield was 1 / 244.68 / 1 / 28.34 times that of bare land. The coverage of urban tall fescue turfgrass green space could effectively reduce runoff and soil erosion, but the degree of reduction was different. When the rainfall intensity was 30 ~ 60 ~ 90 mm / h, the average benefit of runoff reduction was 33.23 and 23.04 ~ 13.78, respectively. Under the same test conditions, the runoff sediment carrying capacity of tall fescue lawn was different from that of bare land. Under the same runoff, the amount of soil erosion in lawn green space was much lower than that in bare land (6) the relationship between runoff and sediment erosion was established.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院;北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心;北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心;水土保持国家林业局重点实验室(北京林业大学);北京市水科学技术研究院;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项“城市地表径流减控与面源污染削减技术研究(2013ZX07304-001) 科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(PXM2016_014207_000083)
【分类号】：S157.43

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