干旱胁迫对马铃薯淀粉积累及关键酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-18 08:56

本文选题：马铃薯 + 干旱胁迫　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱是一个世界性的难题,是世界范围内最严重的自然灾害之一。干旱胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育,导致植物一系列的生理方面的变化。本研究以高淀粉马铃薯品种克新22号和低淀粉品种克新19号为试验材料,在防雨棚内进行盆栽试验,设土壤含水量30%-40%(干旱)和60%-70%(适宜)两个处理,在块茎形成期(7月9日)开始人工控水,研究干旱胁迫对马铃薯生长指标、干物质含量、产量、淀粉以及其组分含量、淀粉积累量、淀粉合成速率以及淀粉合成酶活性的影响,探讨干旱胁迫对淀粉合成机制的影响,为马铃薯抗旱育种提供理论依据,结果表明:1.干旱胁迫条件下,两品种株高、茎粗、分枝数、匍匐茎数量和匍匐茎长度都有不同程度的降低且处理间差异显著,各个生长指标随生育时期呈单峰变化,但叶绿素含量略有升高。2.干旱胁迫条件下,两品种根鲜重和根干重有不同程度的降低,叶片鲜重和叶片干重也有不同程度的降低,茎鲜重和茎干重同样有不同程度的降低。其中根鲜重受干旱胁迫影响下降最为明显。3.干旱胁迫条件下,马铃薯块茎生长受抑制,克新22号块茎干物质含量下降了7.04%,克新19号块茎干物质含量下降了3.42%;高淀粉品种克新22号,下降较为明显。低淀粉品种克新19号产量高于高淀粉品种克新22号,但在干旱胁迫条件下克新22号和克新19号的产量分别降低了28.73%和21.84%,说明干旱胁迫对高淀粉品种克新22号影响较大。克新22号的抗旱系数为0.7126,克新19号抗旱系数为0.7816。克新22号抗旱指数为0.5338,克新19号抗旱指数为0.9777。4.干旱胁迫条件下,克新22号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量分别下降13.21%,6.39%,14.21%;克新19号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量分别下降8.95%,8.49%,8.96%。干旱胁迫条件下,克新22号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累量分别下降29.11%,39.14%,24.65%;克新19号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累量分别下降28.35%,29.28%,28.08%。干旱胁迫条件下,克新22号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累速率分别下降38.67%,38.00%,39.69%;克新19号粗淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累速率分别下降35.76%,32.56%,32.43%。5.两品种的4种酶(AGPase、GBSS、SSS、SBE)活性均先升高后降低呈单峰变化,活性峰值基本上都出现在第三次取样。8月18日左右,干旱胁迫处理与水分适宜处理相比,克新22号和克新19号AGPase酶分别下降了5.32%和5.51%;克新22号和克新19号SSS酶分别下降了17.88%和20.12%;克新22号和克新19号GBSS酶分别下降了14.39%和15.61%;克新22号和克新19号SBE酶活性分别下降了14.55%和12.98%。6.两品种直链淀粉积累速率与AGPase、GBSS活性变化呈显著或者极显著正相关;支链淀粉积累速率与AGPase、SSS和SBE活性变化显著或极显著正相关;粗淀粉积累速率与AGPase,GBSS,SSS和SBE活性变化显著或极显著正相关。
[Abstract]:Drought is a worldwide problem and one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. Drought stress seriously affects the growth and development of plants, leading to a series of physiological changes. In this study, pot experiment was carried out in a rain shelter with high starch potato variety Kexin 22 and low starch variety Kexin 19 as experimental materials. The soil moisture content was 30 -40g (drought) and 60-70g (suitable). The effects of drought stress on potato growth index, dry matter content, yield, starch and its components, starch accumulation, starch synthesis rate and starch synthase activity were studied during the tuber formation period (July 9), and the effects of drought stress on potato growth index, dry matter content, yield, starch accumulation, starch synthesis rate and starch synthase activity were studied. To explore the effect of drought stress on starch synthesis mechanism and to provide theoretical basis for potato drought resistance breeding, the results showed that 1: 1. Under drought stress, the plant height, stem diameter, branch number, stolon number and stolon length of the two cultivars decreased to some extent, and there were significant differences among treatments. But chlorophyll content increased slightly. Under drought stress, root fresh weight and root dry weight of the two varieties decreased in different degrees, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight also decreased to different extent, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight also decreased to different degrees. Among them, the root fresh weight decreased most obviously by drought stress. Under drought stress, potato tuber growth was inhibited, dry matter content of tuber Kexin 22 decreased 7.04kun, dry matter content of Kexin 19 tuber decreased 3.42%, and high starch variety Kexin 22 decreased more obviously. The yield of the low starch variety Kexin 19 was higher than that of the high starch variety Kexin 22, but the yield of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 decreased by 28.73% and 21.84 respectively under drought stress, which indicated that drought stress had a great effect on the high starch variety Kexin 22. The drought resistance coefficient of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 was 0.7126 and 0.7816 respectively. The drought resistance index of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 was 0.5338 and 0.9777.4 respectively. Under drought stress, the contents of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin of Kexin 22 decreased by 13.21 and 6.39 and 14.21, respectively, and the contents of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin of Kexin 19 decreased by 8.95 and 8.49 and 8.96, respectively. Under drought stress, the accumulation of crude starch, amylose, amylopectin and amylopectin in Kexin 22 decreased 29.11% and 39.14% 24.65, respectively, and the accumulation of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin in Kexin 19 decreased 28.35% 29.28% and 28.08% respectively. Under drought stress, the accumulation rate of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin decreased by 38.67% and 38.00%, respectively, and the accumulation rate of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin from Kexin 19 decreased by 35.76 ~ 32.56 and 32.43%, respectively. The activity of four enzymes of the two cultivars increased first and then decreased, and the peak value of activity appeared in the third sampling, and the drought stress treatment was compared with the suitable water treatment on August 18, and the results showed that the activity of the two cultivars increased at first, and then decreased at the same time, and the peak value of the activity appeared in the third sampling, and the drought stress treatment was compared with the suitable water treatment. Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 AGPase decreased 5.32% and 5.51%, Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 SSS decreased 17.88% and 20.12%, Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 GBSS decreased 14.39% and 15.61%, respectively, and Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 SBE activity decreased by 14.39% and 15.61%, respectively. By 14.55% and 12.98%, respectively. There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the amylose accumulation rate and the activity of AGPaseSSS and SBE, and the rate of amylopectin accumulation was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with the activity of AGPaseSSS and SBE. The accumulation rate of crude starch was positively correlated with the activity of SBE and SSS.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532;S423

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