京津冀地区农业面源污染风险时空差异研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 17:33

本文选题：京津冀 + 农业面源污染风险　；参考：《农业环境科学学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：为探究京津冀区域农业面源污染情况,采用GIS空间分析方法,对该地区农业面源的时空动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:时间上该区域化肥施用量呈逐年增加态势,由2000年的305.12万t增加到2014年的370.50万t;化学农药施用量相对稳定,由2000年的81.88万t增加到2014年的89.93万t;而畜禽粪尿排放量则由2000年的2.35亿t减少到2014年的1.96亿t。空间上化肥污染高风险县市区和畜禽粪尿污染(主要为氮素和磷素污染)县市区数量增长较快,分别从2000年的33、34、60个增加到2014年的72、78、112个。该区域化肥污染高风险县市区主要分布在中部和东部的北京、天津、唐山、秦皇岛大部分县市区及南部的石家庄、衡水、邯郸部分县市区;氮素高风险县市区主要分布在石家庄、保定、张家口、承德、秦皇岛、邯郸等大牲畜奶牛、肉牛及生猪优势产区;磷素高风险区主要分布在石家庄、保定、廊坊、张家口、承德、秦皇岛、邯郸等大牲畜奶牛、肉牛及家禽集中养殖区。研究表明,京津冀地区化肥和畜禽粪尿(N、P)高污染风险县市区数量大幅增加且分布广泛,对农作物单产过度追求是化肥施用量逐年增加的主要驱动因素,而耕地面积减少和集约化养殖是氮磷面源污染高风险县市区增加的主要原因。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of agricultural non-point sources in this area were studied by GIS spatial analysis method. The results showed that the application of chemical fertilizer increased year by year in the region, from 3 million 51 thousand and 200 t in 2000 to 3 million 705 thousand T in 2014, and the application of chemical pesticides was relatively stable, from 200. The 818 thousand and 800 t in 0 years increased to 899 thousand and 300 t in 2014, while the discharge of livestock and poultry excrement was reduced from 235 million T in 2000 to 196 million T. in 2014, and the number of county urban areas and livestock and poultry pollution (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution) increased rapidly from 33,34,60 in 2000 to 72,78112 in 2014, respectively. The region is mainly distributed in central and Eastern Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, most counties and cities in Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, and Handan in the southern part of the city; the urban areas of nitrogen high risk counties are mainly distributed in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao, Handan and other large cattle cows, beef cattle, and pigs. The high risk areas of phosphorus are mainly distributed in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao, Handan and other large livestock cows, beef cattle and poultry farming areas. The research shows that the number of high pollution risk counties in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region is increased and widely distributed, and the excessive pursuit of crop yield is the excessive pursuit of crop production. The main driving factor of increasing fertilizer application year by year is the decrease of cultivated land area and intensive farming.
【作者单位】：中国环境科学研究院农业面源污染防治与管理研究中心;国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室;北京师范大学水科学研究院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD14B02) 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800905) 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX0720300700101) 中国环境科学研究院院所长基金(2006001001004028)~~
【分类号】：X71

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