变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构工作机理与试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 04:06

本文选题：深施注射机构 + 变形齿轮　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：液肥深施是将液肥深施到地表以下作物易吸收部位的技术,可减少肥料挥发和流失、提高作物吸收营养成分速度、提高液肥利用率、提高作物的抗逆性和后期抗早衰能力。目前我国生产各种功能液态肥的企业较多,但与液肥深施技术配套的施肥机械却很少。因此,针对液肥深施机具研究的开展已迫在眉睫。深施注射机构是液态施肥机的关键部件,其性能优劣直接影响机具工作质量和可靠性。目前深施注射机构仍存在着单位时间扎穴次数受限的问题,工作效率较低。若增加扎穴次数,喷肥针受到的土壤冲击力变大,从而导致机构振动明显、扎穴不稳定及穴口宽度不理想等问题。针对上述问题,依据液肥深施农艺要求,对变形齿轮传动理论进行了深入研究,设计研制出新型变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构。采用理论分析、计算机辅助优化与设计、动力学仿真和高速摄像的方法,对变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构的结构及工作机理进行研究,采用台架试验的方法对深施注射机构的扎穴性能、施肥性能和动力学性能进行研究。主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)变形齿轮节曲线形成机理分析以进一步提高液肥深施注射机构工作性能为目标,结合多种液肥深施注射机构的工作特点,引入变形齿轮节曲线齿轮系,对其传动比特性、齿廓形成、压力角和根切校验进行理论分析。利用变形齿轮节曲线具有更大的传动比变化范围特点,设计出新型变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构。(2)变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构理论分析对变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构进行运动学分析,建立变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构各组成部件关键点的位移、速度和加速度的理论数学模型。详细分析液肥深施注射机构的变形太阳齿轮、变形中间齿轮、变形行星齿轮和行星架的受力情况,建立各组成部件的力学平衡方程。变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构的运动学和动力学的理论分析是机构进行人机交互和仿真分析研究的理论基础。(3)变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构优化与仿真软件的编写和ADAMS仿真分析在变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构理论分析基础上,采用VB语言编写变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构仿真与优化软件,分析主要结构参数对变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构作业性能的影响。在该优化软件基础上,利用Taguchi试验设计方法,得到液肥深施注射机构最优结构参数组合。最优结构参数为:变形齿轮长半轴a=30 mm、变形齿轮偏心率e=0.0718、变形齿轮变形系数m_1=1.4、喷肥针与变形齿轮长轴的初始夹角α_0=125o和喷肥针长度h_2=165 mm。应用UG软件建立变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构三维模型,并将模型导入ADAMS软件中,进行运动仿真分析,验证理论分析结果是否正确。(4)变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构扎穴性能试验研究在试验台上进行深施注射机构扎穴性能试验和高速摄像试验,扎穴性能试验采用单因子和二次旋转正交试验方案,利用Design-Expert7.00软件对试验数据进行分析,研究行星架转速、台车速度对穴口宽度、穴距的影响规律。以农艺要求的穴口和穴距为目标函数,寻找满足性能指标的最佳工作参数组合。进行高速摄像试验,观察液肥深施注射机构入出土轨迹姿态是否符合农艺要求,并与理论分析结果进行比较,判别液肥深施注射机构理论设计是否正确。试验结果表明,行星架转速为80 r/min和台车速度0.60 m/s时,扎穴性能最优,测得穴口宽度为22.2 mm和穴距220 mm。(5)变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构施肥性能试验研究运用流体力学知识,研究液肥在变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构喷肥针出口处的流动特性,分析影响液肥深施注射机构施肥量的因素。采用单因子和二次旋转正交试验方案,进行液肥深施注射机构施肥性能试验,利用Design-Expert7.00软件对试验数据进行分析,研究行星架转速、喷孔直径和液泵压力对施肥量影响的规律。以农艺要求的施肥量为目标函数,寻找满足性能指标的最佳工作参数组合,检验变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构施肥量是否满足农艺要求。试验结果表明,行星架转速82 r/min、喷孔直径2 mm和液泵压力0.36 MPa时,施肥性能最优,测得施肥量为10.5 m L和施肥损失率为2.33%。(6)变形齿轮式液肥深施注射机构动力学特性试验研究应用扭矩传感器获得太阳轮轴所受扭矩值,利用应变式传感器和数据处理软件获得喷肥针入土时所受土壤反力的大小。采用单因素和二次旋转正交试验方案,进行动力学特性测试试验,以扭矩值和喷肥针入土时所受土壤反力为性能指标,并运用Design-Expert7.00软件对试验数据进行分析,研究台车速度、行星架转速对扭矩值、喷肥针入土时所受土壤反力的影响规律。以深施注射机构工作时扭矩最小和喷肥针入土时所受土壤反力最小为目标函数,寻找满足性能指标的最佳工作参数组合,为研究整机振动规律提供理论依据。试验结果表明,行星架转速74 r/min和台车速度0.61 m/s时,液肥深施注射机构动力学性能最好,测得扭矩为4.90 N·m和拉压力为20.55 N。
[Abstract]:The deep application of liquid fertilizer is a technique for deep application of liquid fertilizer to the easy to absorb part of the crop below the surface. It can reduce the volatilization and loss of fertilizer, improve the rate of nutrient absorption, improve the utilization rate of liquid fertilizer, improve the resistance to the crop and the ability to resist the premature senility in the later period. Therefore, the research on the deep application of liquid fertilizer has been imminent. The deep application of injection mechanism is the key component of the liquid fertilizer applicator. Its performance and performance directly affect the working quality and reliability of the machine tools. At present, there is still a problem of limited number of times in unit time, and the efficiency is low. With the increase of the number of holes, the impact force of the spray fertilizer on the soil becomes larger, which leads to the obvious vibration of the mechanism, the instability of the ligation and the unsatisfactory width of the hole and the hole. According to the requirements of the deep application of the liquid fertilizer, the theory of the deformed gear transmission is deeply studied, and a new type of deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism has been developed. The structure and working mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism are studied by means of theoretical analysis, computer aided optimization and design, dynamic simulation and high speed camera. The method of bench test is used to study the ligation performance, fertilizer performance and dynamic performance of the deep injection mechanism. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the analysis of the forming mechanism of the deformation gear section curve to further improve the working performance of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer, combined with the working characteristics of a variety of liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, introduced the deformation gear joint curve gear system, and analyzed the transmission ratio characteristic, the profile formation, the pressure angle and the root cutting check. The gear section curve has a larger change range of the transmission ratio, and a new type of deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is designed. (2) the theoretical analysis of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is carried out on the kinematic analysis of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, and the key components of the deformable gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism are set up. A theoretical mathematical model of point displacement, velocity and acceleration. A detailed analysis of the deformation of the deformation solar gear, the deformation of the middle gear, the deformation of the planetary gear and the planetary frame, the mechanical equilibrium equations of the components are established. The theoretical analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism It is the theoretical basis of human machine interaction and simulation analysis. (3) on the basis of the theoretical analysis of the deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, the simulation and optimization of the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear wheel type liquid fertilizer are written on the basis of the programming of the optimization and simulation software of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism and the simulation and analysis of the ADAMS simulation analysis. The effect of the main structural parameters on the performance of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is analyzed. On the basis of the optimization software, the optimal structural parameters of the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer are obtained by using the Taguchi test design method. The optimum structural parameters are the long semi axle a=30 mm of the deformed gear, the eccentricity of the deformed gear, the deformable tooth and the deformed tooth. The wheel deformation coefficient m_1=1.4, the initial angle alpha _0=125o of the spray fertilizer needle and the long axis of the deformed gear and the length h_2=165 mm. of the spraying needle, use the UG software to establish the three-dimensional model of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, and introduce the model into the ADAMS software, and carry out the motion simulation analysis to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis results. (4) the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The performance test of deep injection injection mechanism is carried out on the performance test of deep injection mechanism and high speed camera test on the test bed. The single factor and two rotation orthogonal test scheme are adopted in the performance test of the ligation point. The test data are analyzed by Design-Expert7.00 software, the speed of the planetary frame, the width of the hole speed to the hole and the point of the hole are studied. In order to find out the best working parameters combination of the acupoint and hole distance of the agronomic requirements, a high-speed camera test is carried out to observe whether the trajectory posture of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer is in conformity with the agronomic requirements, and is compared with the theoretical analysis results, and the theory of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer is judged. Whether it is correct or not, the test results show that when the speed of the planetary frame is 80 r/min and the speed of the trolley is 0.60 m/s, the performance of the hole is the best, the width of the hole is 22.2 mm and the distance of the hole is 220 mm. (5). The application of the knowledge of the fluid mechanics is used to study the application of the fluid mechanics in the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The flow characteristics at the outlet of the fertilizer needle were used to analyze the factors affecting the amount of fertilizer applied in the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer. The fertilization performance test of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer was carried out by the single factor and the two rotation orthogonal test scheme. The experiment data were analyzed by Design-Expert7.00 software, and the rotational speed of the planet frame, the diameter of the jet hole and the pressure of the liquid pump were studied. According to the law of the amount of influence, the optimum combination of working parameters was found to meet the performance index, and whether the amount of fertilizer applied by the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer was tested to meet the agronomic requirements. The experimental results showed that the performance of the fertilizer was best when the rotational speed of the planetary gear was 82 r/min, the straight diameter of the jet hole was 2 mm and the pressure of the liquid pump was 0.36 MPa. The measurement of the amount of fertilizer is 10.5 m L and the loss rate of fertilizer is 2.33%. (6) the dynamic characteristic test of the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The torque sensor is obtained by the torque sensor and the strain sensor and the data processing software are used to obtain the soil counterforce. The single factor and two times are used. The rotational orthogonal test scheme was carried out to test the dynamic characteristics of the soil, and the soil counterforce was taken as the performance index when the torque value and the spraying needle were injected into the soil, and the test data were analyzed with Design-Expert7.00 software to study the speed of the trolley, the rotational speed of the planet frame to the torque value, and the effect of the soil reaction on the soil when the spray fertilizer was injected into the soil. The objective function is the minimum torque and the minimum soil reverse force when the injection needle enters the soil. To find the best working parameter combination to meet the performance index, it provides a theoretical basis for the study of the vibration law of the whole machine. The experimental results show that the dynamic performance of the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer when the speed of the planet frame is 74 r/min and the speed of the trolley is 0.61 m/s. The best torque is 4.90 N m and the tension pressure is 20.55 N..
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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