果园生草对氮素表层累积及径流损失的影响

发布时间：2018-05-21 06:57

本文选题：径流 + 果园生草　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：为了正确认识生草覆盖对果园面源污染的防控作用和推进生态果园建设,采用模拟试验的方法,研究了果园生草覆盖、生草刈割和清耕3种管理措施对氮素表层累积及其流失特性的影响。结果表明:鼠茅草大量腐解时期(9月)生草覆盖处理土壤表层(0—1cm)矿质氮含量分别是生草刈割和清耕处理的2.6倍和4.5倍,与此同时,果园生草覆盖处理径流液中矿质氮浓度相比刈割和清耕处理分别提高42.6%和20.9%;与清耕相比,生草覆盖使降雨地表径流量显著降低88.3%~98.7%,渗漏量增加42.1%~97.6%。综合3次降雨,生草覆盖使矿质氮的径流损失比清耕降低90%,并且增加深层(25cm)渗漏89.6%。综上可见,虽然果园生草覆盖增加快速降解时期矿质态氮表层累积数量,但减少径流水损失效果显著,进而明显减少氮素径流损失,提高果园土壤的保水保肥能力,对解决坡地果园面源污染问题意义重大。
[Abstract]:In order to correctly understand the prevention and control effect of grass mulching on the source pollution of orchard and the construction of ecological orchard, the effects of 3 management measures on the accumulation and loss of nitrogen in the orchard were studied by the method of simulated experiment. The results showed that in the period of a large number of decomposing (September) grass mulching. The mineral nitrogen content in the soil surface (0 - 1cm) was 2.6 times and 4.5 times that of the grass cutting and clearing treatment respectively. At the same time, the mineral nitrogen concentration in the orchard grass mulching treatment increased by 42.6% and 20.9% compared with the cutting and clearing treatment, respectively. Compared with the clear ploughing, the grass cover made the surface runoff of the rainfall significantly reduced by 88.3%~98.7% and the amount of leakage increased. With the combined 3 rainfall of 42.1%~97.6%., the runoff loss of the mineral nitrogen was reduced by 90% than that of the clear tillage, and the deeper (25cm) leakage 89.6%. was observed. Although the orchard grass mulching increased the accumulated amount of mineral nitrogen in the rapid degradation period, the effect of reducing the runoff loss was significant, and the loss of nitrogen runoff was obviously reduced. The ability of water and fertilizer conservation in orchard soil is of great significance to solve the problem of non-point source pollution in the orchard of sloping land.
【作者单位】：青岛农业大学资源与环境学院;山东省水肥一体化工程技术研究中心;寿光市农业局;
【基金】：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2013DQ014)
【分类号】：S157.43;S66

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