有机无机氮肥配施对典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:02

本文选题：有机无机氮肥配施 + 菜地土壤　；参考：《华北农学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：为了比较不同种类有机无机氮(N)肥配施后典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的差异,揭示施用有机物料后微生物在调节土壤肥力中的作用,以猪粪、沼渣沼液和猪粪堆肥为供试材料,采用田间小区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、不施N肥(PK)、纯施化肥(NPK)、有机无机肥配施1(20%猪粪N+80%化肥N,NPKM1)、有机无机肥配施2(20%沼渣沼液N+80%化肥N,NPKM2)和有机无机肥配施3(20%猪粪堆肥N+80%化肥N,NPKM3)等6种施肥模式,连续3年(2011-2013年)研究不同有机无机N肥配施对典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:小白菜季和莴苣季生育期间土壤细菌数量呈上升趋势,土壤真菌、放线菌数量呈先升后降趋势,且栽培后季较前季高。与NPK处理相比,NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3处理土壤细菌数量提高2.27%~26.16%(小白菜季),15.06%~40.82%(莴苣季);真菌数量提高33.62%~47.10%(小白菜季),39.64%~52.27%(莴苣季);放线菌数量提高6.59%~38.21%(小白菜季),20.97%~29.66%(莴苣季)。有机无机N肥配施可以促进菜地土壤微生物大量繁殖。与NPK处理相比,NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3处理提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶的活性。有机无机N肥配施可以促进菜地土壤酶活性的提高。各处理蔬菜产量分别为6.73~22.50 t/hm2(小白菜),21.54~47.79 t/hm2(莴苣),大小均表现为NPKM3NPKM1NPKM2NPKPKCK。相关分析表明,小白菜和莴苣产量与土壤微生物数量和酶活性之间均存在密切关系。总之,有机无机N肥配施可以有效提高土壤中微生物数量和酶活性,维持菜地较高的土壤肥力,有利于蔬菜种植的可持续和高效生产,以猪粪堆肥配施效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to compare the differences of soil microbial and enzyme activities between different organic-inorganic N N fertilizers and typical vegetable fields, and to reveal the role of microbes in regulating soil fertility after the application of organic materials, pig manure was used in this study. Biogas sludge and pig manure compost were used as test materials. Six fertilization models were set up, such as no fertilizer application, no N fertilizer, pure fertilizer NPK, organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with 120% pig manure N 80% fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with N 80% biogas sludge N 80% chemical fertilizer NNPKM2) and organic inorganic fertilizer combined with 320% pig manure compost N 80% fertilizer NPKM3). The effects of different organic and inorganic N fertilizers on soil microorganism and enzyme activity in typical vegetable fields were studied. The results showed that the number of soil bacteria increased during the growing period of pakchoi and lettuce, the number of soil fungi and actinomycetes increased first and then decreased, and the cultivation season was higher than that of the previous season. Compared with NPK treatment, the number of bacteria in soil treated with NPK was increased by 2.27KM1 / NPKM2 / NPKM3, and the number of bacteria in soil was increased by 2.270.16 (Cabbage, 15.066.06) and 40.82 (Rhizoma lettuce); the number of fungi was increased by 33.622and 47.1010 (Chinese Cabbage, 39.644.64, lettuce), actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21, and the number of actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21 (B.campestris, 20.970.97m 29.66), the number of fungi was increased by 33.622.102.27, and the number of actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21. Combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer can promote the propagation of microorganisms in vegetable soil. Compared with NPK treatment, the activity of urease, phosphatase, catalase and cellulase were increased by NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3 treatment. Combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer could promote the increase of enzyme activity in vegetable soil. The vegetable yield of each treatment was 6.73 ~ 22.50 t / hm ~ (2) (Chinese cabbage 21.54 ~ 47.79 t / hm ~ (2) (Lactuca sativum L.), the size of lettuce was NPKM3NPKM1NPKM2NPKPKCK. Correlation analysis showed that the yield of pakchoi and lettuce was closely related to soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity. In a word, organic and inorganic N fertilizer can effectively increase the amount of microorganism and enzyme activity in soil, maintain high soil fertility in vegetable field, which is beneficial to the sustainable and efficient production of vegetable planting, and the best effect is the combination of pig manure compost.
【作者单位】：湖南农业大学资源环境学院;长沙环境保护职业技术学院;浙江大学环境与资源学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC09B01) 湖南省重点研发计划项目(2016NK2112) 湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(14K048)
【分类号】：S154;S63

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