林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-25 17:08

本文选题：林药复合 + 植物次生代谢物　；参考：《植物生态学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：林木枯落物的分解是影响养分循环和生态系统稳定的重要因素,林药复合系统中药用植物淋出物中富含植物次生代谢物(PSM),可能会对林木枯落物分解和土壤酶活性产生抑制作用,检验该现象是否存在是选择林下药用植物的重要依据。该文以秦岭山区典型红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)林及地丁草(Corydalis bungeana)、薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)、蕺菜(又名鱼腥草)(Houttuynia cordata)、荆芥(Nepeta cataria)、绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)和夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris)6种常见林下药用植物为对象,通过以药用植物茎叶淋出物(水浸提液)定期多次喷浇林木枯落物及土壤的分解试验,研究了药用植物淋出物对林木枯落物分解、养分(C、N和P)释放和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:对于红桦枯落物,蕺菜淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了76%和4.3倍,并抑制了C和N的释放,绞股蓝淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了35%和2.7倍,并抑制了C、N和P的释放,两种处理均抑制了7种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、?-葡糖苷酶、脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶)活性;对于杜仲枯落物,蕺菜淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了1.7倍和4.2倍,绞股蓝淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了1倍和9倍,两种处理均抑制了C、N和P的释放以及7种土壤酶活性。由此可见,蕺菜、绞股蓝茎叶淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物的分解速率、养分释放以及多种土壤酶活性均有显著抑制作用。因此,建议在红桦和杜仲林下应尽量避免种植蕺菜和绞股蓝,或者通过降低套种密度来减轻影响。
[Abstract]:The decomposition of forest litter is an important factor affecting nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. The plant leachate of traditional Chinese medicine used in forest and medicine compound system is rich in plant secondary metabolites, which may inhibit the decomposition of forest litter and soil enzyme activity. To test the existence of this phenomenon is an important basis for the selection of medicinal plants under forest. The medicinal plants in the forests of Betula albo-sinensis, Eucommia ulmoidesand Corydalis bungeana, Mentha haplocalyxia, Houttuynia cordataea, Nepeta catarias, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Prunella vulgaris)6 in Qinling Mountains were used as objects. The effects of medicinal plant leachate (water extract) on the decomposition of litter and soil were studied. The effects of medicinal plant leachate (water extract) on decomposition of litter, nutrient release and soil enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that the half-life and cycle period of Houttuynia cordata leachate were increased by 76% and 4.3 times, respectively, and the release of C and N were inhibited. The half-life and cycle period of gynostemma pentaphyllum leachate were prolonged by 35% and 2.7 times, respectively. Both treatments inhibited the activities of seven soil enzymes (sucrose, carboxymethyl cellulase, glucosidase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, protease and phosphatase). The half life and turnover period of Houttuynia cordata were increased by 1.7 and 4.2 times respectively, and the half life and turnover period of gynostemma pentaphyllum were prolonged by 1 and 9 times, respectively. Both treatments inhibited the release of Con N and P and the activities of 7 kinds of soil enzymes. It can be seen that Houttuynia cordata, gynostemma pentaphyllum stem and leaf leachate have significant inhibitory effect on the decomposition rate, nutrient release and soil enzyme activity of Betula platyphylla and Eucommia ulmoides. Therefore, it is suggested that Houttuynia cordata and gynostemma pentaphyllum should be avoided under birch and Eucommia ulmoides forest, or that the effect should be mitigated by reducing interplanting density.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学林学院;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(30471376)
【分类号】：S714

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